bio exam chap 12 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
1) Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?
answer
B) DNA that includes pieces from two different sources
question
2) Which of these is a genetically modified organism?
answer
A) an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
question
3) Which of the following best defines the term transgenic organism?
answer
C) an organism containing a gene from another species
question
4) The world's first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product was ______.
answer
A) humulin
question
5) A vaccine works by ______.
answer
B) stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
question
6) Transgenic animals are currently used ______.
answer
A) to produce potentially useful proteins
question
7) Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?
answer
D) plasmids
question
8) Of these steps, which occurs first in the production of a recombinant plasmid?
answer
C) isolation of a plasmid from a bacterium
question
9) Of these steps, which one occurs earliest in the process of producing recombinant DNA?
answer
B) The same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid DNA.
question
10) When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the ______.
answer
C) desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium
question
11) The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of ______.
answer
A) gene cloning
question
12) A collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome is called a ______.
answer
D) genomic library
question
13) Nucleic acid probes are used to ______.
answer
A) find a specific nucleotide sequence
question
14) Restriction enzymes are obtained from ______.
answer
D) bacteria
question
15) "Sticky ends" are produced as a result of the action of ______.
answer
C) a restriction enzyme
question
16) "Sticky ends" are ______.
answer
A) single-stranded ends of fragments of double-stranded DNA
question
17) A DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads -ATTCG will bind with another DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads ______.
answer
A) TAAGC-
question
18) Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?
answer
C) DNA ligase
question
19) Of the following, which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?
answer
B) using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments
question
20) You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?
answer
C) You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis.
question
21) What name is given to a region of DNA that varies from person to person?
answer
A) genetic marker
question
22) Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______.
answer
A) gel electrophoresis
question
23) To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ______.
answer
B) restriction enzymes
question
24) Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______.
answer
B) length
question
25) STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have
answer
A) different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in the genome.
question
26) The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called ______.
answer
A) genomics
question
27) The human genome contains approximately ______ genes.
answer
C) 21,000
question
28) Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA?
answer
A) 98%
question
29) The Human Genome Project has the potential to ______.
answer
D) play a role in all of the choices listed here
question
30) Which of these statements can be logically inferred from the amount of DNA shared by chimpanzees and humans?
answer
A) Humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.
question
31) To find the nucleotide sequence of human chromosomes, chromosomes had to be digested into small fragments and then ______.
answer
C) cloned and sequenced
question
32) What technique is most commonly used to sequence entire genomes?
answer
A) the whole-genome shotgun method
question
33) The study of the full protein sets that genomes encode is _____.
answer
A) proteomics
question
34) In human gene therapy,
answer
A) normal versions of genes are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele.
question
35) The state of human gene therapy today is that
answer
B) there have been a small number of successes, including with the disease SCID.
question
36) Genetically modifying human ______ cells may directly affect future generations.
answer
C) gametic
question
37) Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______.
answer
D) all of the above
question
38) The possibility that Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan spread an unusual chromosome to nearly 16 million men living today resulted from studies of _____.
answer
D) the Y chromosome
