BIO CH 1,2 & 3
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Your microwave will not turn on, and you speculate that a circuit breaker in the house has been tripped. In scientific terminology, the steps would be described as
answer
developing a hypothesis based on an observation
question
Organisms are composed of molecules, which are collections of smaller units, termed
answer
atoms.
question
The amino acid glycine (C3NO2H6) is a(an):
answer
organic molecule
question
Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in
answer
hydrolysis reactions.
question
A scientific theory is:
answer
a concept that is supported by experimental evidence that explains the facts in an area of study.
question
Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood and consists of a chain of 146 amino acids. How many different types of amino acids are used to construct proteins?
answer
20
question
An atom has 20 electrons and 20 neutrons. What is the mass of this atom
answer
40
question
The method of reasoning that uses construction of general principles by careful examination of many specific cases is called:
answer
inductive reasoning
question
You look outside and realize that your grass needs to be mowed. You pick up the container of gasoline and see that you have approximately a third of a gallon left. You hypothesize that this amount will be enough to mow your entire lawn. Unfortunately, half way through mowing your lawn you run out of gasoline. You grumble and think to yourself that the next time you mow the lawn, you hypothesize that you will need to have at least two-thirds of a gallon of gasoline available. How did the results of your lawn-mowing experience influence the validity of your new hypothesis for future gasoline needs?
answer
Your prediction of future gas needs is based on experimental data and therefore increases the validity of your hypothesis.
question
Your dog becomes ill and you rush him to the veterinarian's office. A technician draws blood from your dog's leg for a vet-ordered lab test. After a few minutes the lab results are given to the vet, who immediately grabs a bottle from a shelf and begins to fill a syringe with an unknown fluid. You inquire about the fluid, and the vet informs you that the fluid is necessary to manage your dog's metabolic acidosis. Based on the information provided, what is acidosis, and what is the likely effect of the veterinarian's injection?
answer
Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has decreased from its normal level, and an injection of buffering solution is required to reverse the condition
question
Dr. Edward Jenner realized that cows have a disease called cowpox, which is like a disease that infects humans called smallpox; Jenner noticed that milkmaids whose hands were infected with cowpox were not contracting smallpox. Jenner infected a child with the pus from a cowpox blister, and found that the child did not contract smallpox. Which statement represents a supporting hypothesis
answer
The cowpox infection will prevent the child from being infected by the small pox virus.
question
Why is it necessary to take special safety precautions when using radioactivity
answer
Radioactive substances have the potential to cause damage to living cells
question
Sue was monitoring the oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico from an oil tanker. From her observations, she noted that the oil was moving as large patches in the water. It did not appear as though the oil was dissolving into the water. Why did the oil not dissolve into the water
answer
Hydrophobic interactions
question
Darwin's ideas on evolution were advanced for his time. His approach to science and natural selection were supported by what main tenant
answer
Operation of natural laws produces constant change and improvement.
question
Based on hierarchical levels of biological organization, which of these choices represents the broadest level
answer
Amazon Basin
question
A nucleic acid containing 32% thymine would contain how much cytosine
answer
18%
question
If water were non-polar it would not form hydrogen bonds. At normal room temperatures this non-polar water would be
answer
a gas
question
Which of the following reactions is a dehydration reaction?
answer
A + B → C + H2O
question
Negatively charged subatomic particles that have almost no mass are called
answer
electrons
question
Humans are unable to get metabolic ene
answer
cellulose digesting enzymes are absent from the human gut
question
When water ionizes, it produces equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions that can reassociate with each other. The pH of water is
answer
7
question
One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules. The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7. If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?
answer
21
question
Organic molecules have a carbon backbone and _____ such as -OH and -NH2 that affect their chemical properties
answer
functional groups
question
You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the \"amino end\" and the \"carboxyl end\" of a macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a
answer
protein
question
The area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found is the
answer
orbital
question
Besides Darwin, the theory of evolution by means of natural selection was also independently proposed by
answer
Alfred Wallace
question
A nucleic acid contains uracil, allowing you to conclude that
answer
A nucleic acid contains uracil, allowing you to conclude that
question
The pH of your small intestines is around 7.5 and the pH of your large intestine can be 5.5. As substances travel from the small intestines to the large intestine, what would happen to the H+ ion concentration?
answer
It increases by 100 fold.
question
Lipids are the only class of macromolecules that contain
answer
fatty acids
question
When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become negatively or positively charged. These negatively or positively charged atoms are known as
answer
ions
question
Wings of birds and butterflies have similar functions, but different evolutionary origins. They are
answer
analogous structures
question
Yogurt contains galactose and glucose, which are generated when bacterial enzymes act on milk sugars. What is the main source of the galactose in yogurt?
answer
Lactose
question
The carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer in blood is extremely important to help maintain homeostasis. What would happen to the pH of the blood if bicarbonate were removed?
answer
Removing bicarbonate from the blood would decrease the pH
question
The reaction (H2 + F2 → 2HF) is an example of a redox reaction. In reality, two half reactions are occurring. The half reaction (H2 → 2H+ + 2e-) is a(n
answer
oxidation reaction
question
Life is thought to have evolved from complex molecules formed by the interaction of smaller molecules in oceans and the atmosphere. The substance which brought these molecules together to interact is
answer
water
question
Regardless of its shape, a given orbital may contain no more than
answer
2 electrons
question
Isotopes that are unstable and decay when their nucleus breaks up into elements with lower atomic numbers, emitting significant amounts of energy in the process, are called:
answer
radioactive
question
Atoms containing a specific number of protons are called
answer
elements
question
At the pH of most bodily fluids, which functional group will lose a proton and which functional group will accept a proton?
answer
carboxyl; amino
question
In California, a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time. The group that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin that helped to camouflage them from predators. The group that lived along the coast adopted a color pattern that mimicked a poisonous, colorful newt common to that area. Instead of being camouflaged, these salamanders advertised their colors. What type of selection process has occurred over time?
answer
natural selection
question
Oxygen has an atomic mass of 16 and an atomic number of 8. How many neutrons are present?
answer
8
question
Acyclovir is an antiviral chemical that resembles a nucleotide but lacks a 3' OH group and cannot form phosphodiester bonds. Why is Acyclovir useful in treating some viral infections?
answer
Acyclovir halts viral DNA replication.
question
The sub-atomic particle with a positive charge is
answer
a proton
question
Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the water molecule is:
answer
polar.
question
You explain to your study group that a hypothesis is:
answer
an explanation that accounts for careful observations.
question
How is the bond in F2 different from the bond in KCl?
answer
F2 is covalent and KCl is ionic
question
What common life characteristic would cells from a daisy, an apple and a dog all have?
answer
DNA
question
Oxygen-16 is abundant and has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Oxygen-18 has two extra neutrons. These two forms are
answer
oxygen isotopes.
question
The term that Darwin used to describe the concept that those with superior physical, behavior or other attributes are more likely to survive than those that are not so well endowed, and thus are more likely to pass their traits to the next generation, is called:
answer
natural selection
question
The two nitrogen atoms in nitrogen gas (N2) share six electrons forming a
answer
triple covalent bond
