BIO 201 Exam 3: Integumentary & Bones – Flashcards
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Secretions from __________ glands contribute to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth on the skin.
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merocrine sweat
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The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called
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fibrosis
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Skin covering the __________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands.
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fingertips
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This layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells.
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stratum corneum
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Which of these is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?
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hydroxyapatite
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Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
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mechanical stress on bone remodeling.
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Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer?
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spinosum and basale
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What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?
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yellow bone marrow
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Mature bones are remodeled throughout life by employing
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appositional growth
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This image shows structures of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. ________ are found in the layer of the skin represented as "2".
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Collagen and fibroblasts
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Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means
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abnormal calcification of a tissue
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A hair cycle consists of three developmental stages in the following order:
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anagen, catagen, and telogen
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_____________ are bone-forming cells.
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Osteoblasts
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_____________ burns involve the epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissue.
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Third-degree
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Variations in hair color arise from the relative amounts of
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eumelanin and pheomelanin
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The hair present only prenatally is called ___________, most of which is replaced by ____________ by the time of birth.
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lanugo; vellus
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The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called
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an epiphysis
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Calluses or corns are the result of accelerated multiplication of
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keratinocytes
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In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is _____________, which is replaced by bone.
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hyaline cartilage
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Macrophages __________________ in the healing of a skin wound.
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phagocytize and digest tissue debris
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When ____________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____________.
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osteoblasts; osteocytes
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Leather is mostly made of the __________ layer of the dermis, which is very tough due to the high concentration of ____________ fibers.
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reticular; collagen
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These are all tissues that are a part of a long bone except
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transitional epithelium
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Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a(an)
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hair follicle
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These cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens.
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dendritic (Langerhans) cells
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The skin does not include
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the hypodermis
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____________ is synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, and is important to the deposition of bone.
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Calcitriol
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The skeleton does not
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store red blood cells
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___________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings of the plasma membrane, whereas ____________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.
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Osteoclasts; osteocytes
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The most immediate threat to the life of a patient with severe burns is
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fluid loss
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The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the
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stratum basale
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The hypodermis usually has an abundance of this tissue.
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adipose tissue
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These are all types of cells found in the epidermis except
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fibroblasts
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Intramembranous ossification produces the
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flat bones of the skull
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The least common but most deadly type of skin cancer is
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melanoma
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Bone elongation is a result of
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cartilage growth
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A bone is covered externally with a sheath called ______________, whereas the internal surface is lined with _____________.
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periosteum; endosteum
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Hypocalcemia can cause
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spasms
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The oil of your scalp is secreted by __________ glands associated with the hair follicles.
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sebaceous
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Ethnic differences in skin color are primarily caused by differences in
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quantity of melanin produced
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____________ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal.
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Cerumen
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Blood vessels in the _________ provide a hair with its sole source of nutrition.
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dermal papilla
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____________ provide(s) hardness to bones, whereas ____________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.
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Hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not
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lower blood calcium
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The ___ are a source of sex pheromones.
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apocrine glands
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Bilirubin causes a skin discoloration called
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jaundice
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The ___ is absent from most epidermis.
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stratum lucidum
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_____________ is the process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream.
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Resorption
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The _____________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.
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metaphysis
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Spicules and trabeculae are found in
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spongy bone
