BIO 111 Chapter 6 Study Review – Flashcards
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What is the name of the process by which cancer cells break off of tumors and spread to other parts of the body?
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metastasis
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Consider a strand of DNA with the sequence GAATTCGGCA. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?
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CTTAAGCCGT
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What is the difference between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes?
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Proto-oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under favorable conditions; oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under unfavorable conditions.
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Most forms of chemotherapy target which feature of cancer cells?
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cell division
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Different versions of the same gene are called
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alleles.
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The exchange of portions of chromosomes from one member of the homologous pair to the other member of the pair during prophase 1 of meiosis is called _________.
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crossing over
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A typical gene contains the instructions for making a
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protein.
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A cell plate forms during which process?
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cytokinesis in a plant cell
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A mistake made during copying of genetic information is called a
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mutation.
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What are two systems whereby cancer cells can move and spread throughout the body?
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cardiovascular system and lymphatic system
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An important checkpoint in the cell cycle is the G2 checkpoint. At this checkpoint, proteins check to see
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if the DNA has been replicated properly.
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Which of the following situations most likely describes a recessive genetic disorder?
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The mutant allele of the gene encodes a completely nonfunctional protein.
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A scientist who observes cancer cells under a microscope would likely see
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disorganized cells
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Consider a cell that underwent mitosis but not cytokinesis. The result would be
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a cell with two nuclei.
