BATHP- Chapter 6- Acceleration Behavior Therapy: Stimulus Control and Reinforcement – Flashcards
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provides people with cues (prompts) that remind or instruct them to perform a behavior of indicate that it is appropriate to perform a behavior
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prompting
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involves telling clients what they are expected to do
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verbal prompt
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cues in the environment, such as signs, that remind clients to perform behaviors
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environmental prompt
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a client is physically directed to perform a behavior
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physical prompt
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one behavior cues another
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behavior prompts
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as the client performs the behavior more frequently, prompts become less necessary and are gradually withdrawn
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fading
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behavior change agents arrange for clients to engage in active desirable behaviors in situations likely to elicit problem behaviors; this reduces opportunities for misbehavior
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planned activity scheduling
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occurs when the consequences of a behavior increase the likelihood that the person will repeat the behavior
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reinforcement
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the reinforcing consequence
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reinforcer
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when a pleasant or desirable stimulus is presented (added) as a consequence of a person's performing a behavior
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positive reinforcement
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the pleasant or desirable stimulus that is added in consequence of the person's performing behavior
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positive reinforcer
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the other way that a behavior is accelerated through reinforcement occurs when an unpleasant or undesirable event is removed, avoided, or escaped from (subtracted) as a consequence of a person's performing a behavior
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negative reinforcement
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the reinforcement that is a subtraction of something negative
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negative reinforcer
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occurs when the consequences of a behavior decrease the likelihood that the person will repeat the behavior
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punishment
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the consequence of a behavior that decreases the likelihood that the person will repeat the behavior
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punisher
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involves presenting (adding) an unpleasant or undesirable consequence
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positive punishment
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involves removing (subtracting) a pleasant or desirable consequence
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negative punishment
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material objects that are reinforcers
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tangible reinforcers
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consists of attention, praise, approval, and acknowledgment from other people
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social reinforcers
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consequences that people receive as a regular part of their daily lives
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natural reinforcers
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a third type of positive reinforcer, are symbolic items that have value because of what they can be exchanged for or what they stand for
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token reinforcers
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higher probability (more frequent) behaviors-whether they are considered enjoyable or not- can serve as reinforcers for lowering probability (less frequent behaviors)
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Premack principle
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theory that holds that people who are depressed avoid unpleasant environmental events; this alleviates their distress in the short term but also decreases the likelihood of their coming into contact with pleasurable events in the long term
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behavioral activation
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consequences that are reinforcing for many people
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general reinforcers
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clients are first given a generalized reinforcer noncontingently- that is, without having to do anything to obtain it
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reinforcer sampling
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therapists, parents, teachers, spouses, siblings, and peers
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reinforcing agents
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when clients reinforce their own behaviors
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self-reinforcement
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a behavior is reinforced every time a person engages in it
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continuous reinforcement schedule
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only some of the occurrences of the target behavior are reinforced
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intermittent reinforcement schedule
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in which the consequences a person receives (or fails to receive) depend only on his or her behavior
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individual contingencies
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all members of a group receive (or fail to receive) the same consequences, depending on the performance of the group
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group contingency
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the components of a target behavior are reinforced rather than the complete target behavior
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shaping
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a behavior therapy that accelerate clients' appropriate and adaptive interpersonal behaviors as they occur in the client-therapist relationship
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functional analytic psychotherapy
