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Syphilis

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Spiral bacteria called: Treponema pallidum

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Cholera

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Spiral bacteria called: Vibria cholerae

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Lyme Disease

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Sprial bacteria called: Borrelia burgdorferi

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Diarrhea

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Spiral bacteria called: Compylobacter jejuni

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Helicobacter pylori

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Spiral bacteria
responsible for most cases of chronic active gastritis
cause 90% of ulcers (10% causes by NSAID's)
linked to gastric carninoma
sensitive to acid
05' nobel prize awarded to 2 australians that discovered real cause of ulcers
Currently no drugs to treat this disease

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Vibrio damsela

answer

Sprial bacteria
occers with finned by fish
few cases have occered among fishermen in Galveston Bay
treatment: amputation of appendage proximal to infection

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Vibrio vulnificus

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Sprial bacteria
in healthy people causes diarrhea and stomach pain
people w/ liver disease, diabetes, immune impaired (AIDS) within 1-5 days fatal blood poisoning occurs
CDC occurence with 27 severe cases with 15 deaths per year
may cause skin infections as well as: Vibrio parahaemolycitus

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Treponema pallidum
Occurence

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Spiral/curved bacteria
communicable disease (contagious)- 10%chance from one exposure
most common in 15-30 years old
occurs more in urban areas (city)
high occurrence in homosexuals
incidence is rising since 1957
35,000 cases vs gonorrhea 500,000 cases

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Treponema pallidum
Mode of transmission

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Spiral/curved bacteria
Reservior: Homo sapiens
transmitted by: direct sexual contact (venereal-relating to sexual intercourse)
transimitted by: placental transmission (congenital-present at birth)
transimitted by: blood transfusions

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Treponema pallidum:
Incubation period and Portal of entry

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Spiral/curved bacteria
IP- 2 to 6 weeks on average of 3 weeks
POE- skin that is broken or mucous membrane
spreads through lymphatic system

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Treponema pallidum
Primary Stage

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Primary lesion = Chancre: small painless reddened ulcer with hard ridge appearing at site of infection. Has many spirochetes & is very infective
Chancre will heal w/o TX but most people (75%) advance to secondary stage
Not as communicable once chancre heals
Other SN/SX: malaise, fever, etc.

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Treponema pallidum
secondary stage

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Spiral/curved bacteria
begins 2-10 weeks after primary lesion
stage is characterized by infected skin rash (called great pox in 1800's)
after several weeks become latent (present but not visible for 2-10years)
signs and symptoms: malaise, runny nose, fever, flu-like, and alopecia

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Treponema pallidum
tertiary stage:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
Develops in 75% of untreated secondary stage
develops Gumma's (necrotic degenerative lesion) resulting from type 3 hyersensitivity reaction (IMM complex)
may form in any tissue such as skin, bone, heart,CNS
when occurs in CNS insanity may occur (hitler, Ide amine) may result in blindness and tabes (shuffle like walk)
whores whisper may occur meaning aneurism of ascending aorta and pressure on laryngeal nerve

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Treponema pallidum
Congenital syphilis

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Spiral/curved bacteria
in 1980 3 out of 100,000 births were live
many are spontaneously aborted or born dead
baby can be born either infected with no signs, infected with symptoms, or uninfected
Neonates with syphilis: have small old appearance and can have Hutchinson's teeth (notched incisors), and/or Saber shin (anterior bowed tibia)

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Treponema pallidum
Diagnosis

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Spiral/curved bacteria
presense of primary lesion(chancre)
microscope exam of exudate fluid (would be shaped spiral)
Serological test

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Serological Tests

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Tests blood serum for antibodies;such as:
VDRL- venereal disease research lab
Wassermann test- complement fixation (detects certain antigens)
FTA-ABS- Flourescent Treponemal-Antibody ABSorption

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Treponema pallidum
Treatment:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
Pencillin (PCN-G) or Tretracycline if pcn sensitive
later stages require more anitbiotics for longer periods of time
Tertiary neurosyphilis may not be curable
there is immunity
Phophylaxis(how to prevent disease) abstinence and bilateral monogamy

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Vibrio cholerae
Occurence:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
1800's pandemic throughout much of the world (India)
1911-1973 no cases in US till one in TX (maybe b/c we are closer to gulf)
in 1978 8 cases in Louisiana (LA)
in 1981 16 cases on TX offshore drilling rig
Epedimic focused on Gulf Coast TX and LA

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Vibrio cholerae
Mode of transmission:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
Resevior: Home sapiens
Fecal oral contamination
ingestion of food/water contaminated with feces or vomit
ex: oysters or shrimp

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Vibrio cholerae
Incubation period:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
either hours to 5 days
on average 2-3 days
varies on how long on how much you ingest

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Vibrio cholerae
Signs and symptoms:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
Cells adhere to epithelial mucosa of S.I. (not invasive)
produces enterotoxin (an exotoxin) which inflames gut wall
this results in profuse watery diarrhea and occasionally vomiting
lots of electrolyte loss (10-15 L/day)
Death may result in hours from circulatory shock and water and electroyte imbalance

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Vibrio cholerae
Diagnosis and treatment (RX):

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Spiral/curved bacteria
Confirmed bu culturing vibrio cholerae from feces
treatment: fluids and electrolytes; tetracycline or chloramphenicol
with treatment fatality=1%
without treament fatality=70%

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Borrelia burgdorferi
LYME DISEASE
Occurence:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
1st discovered case 1975 in Old Lyme Conneticut
5000 cases per year
80% occur May-August (when ticks are most active)
90%- NorthEast US ( NY RI MA CT)
and South central US ( Ark, TX)

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Borrelia burgdorferi
Mode of transmission:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
Resvior- white tailed deer and field mice
Mode of transmission- Tick vector (ixodes scapularis)=deer tick

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Borrelia burgdorferi
Diagnosis/Symptoms:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
Diagnosis- notice ECM, isolation of ECM, serologic test-which is not good for early symptoms
ECM erythema chronica migrans-red lesion expanding into red ring from site of tick bite
is very diagnostic
develope flu like symptoms: malaise, fatigue, headache, fever, chills
after few wks-months without treatment: develope neuro problems, cardiac, or arthritic symptoms
after years w/out treatment: symptoms may mimic Alzheimer's or M.S.

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Borrelia burgdorferi
Treament:
Immunity:
Prophylaxis:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
treatment for adults- tetracylines
treatment for children- penicillin
no immunity
aviod ticks! to not get LYME's disease

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Campylobacter jejuni
Occurance:

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curved/spiral bacteria
more common then salmonella or shingella food poisoning
it is a major cause of diarrhea

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Campylobacter jejuni
Mode of transmission:

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Resevior: Animals- pigs, cow, sheeo, pets (dog and cats), birds
Mode of transmission- ingestion of organism by food, water, or unpasteurized milk or contact with pets (especially puppies and kittens)

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Campylobacter jejuni
Incubation period:
Symptoms:
Diagnosis:

answer

Spiral/curved bacteria
IP- 3-5 Days
DP- actute diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain with out vomiting
frequently self-limiting (limits its own growth) in 1-4 days (maximum of 10 days)
Diagnosis- isolation of Compylobacter pylori from feces

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Campylobacter jejuni
Treatment:

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Spiral/curved bacteria
usually none
severe cases: fluid and electrolytes replacement with tetracyclines, erythomyocin or aminoglycosides

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