Bact/Myc – Microbiology – Flashcards
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| What is administered to prevent neonatal diarrhea from E. coli? |
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| Antibiotics (Orally) |
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| Are Enterobacteriaceae Gr + or -? What shape? |
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| Gr - Rods |
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| What is the habitat/lifestyle of Enterobacteriaceae? |
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| Saprophytes or Parasites |
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| What media do Enterobacteriaceae grow on? |
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| Readily on BA; MacConkey |
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| Name some non-Lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae. |
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| Salmonella; Proteus |
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| Name some Lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae. |
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| Escherichia coli; Klebsiella |
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| What do LF & non-LF look like on Mac? |
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| Pink; No color |
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| Describe the types of E. coli. What is used to identify pathogenic strains? |
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| Some pathogenic, some harmless (intestinal commensal); Serotyping/Epidemiological study |
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| Give an example of a pathogenic E. coli. What does it cause? |
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| O157:H7; Hemorrhagic colitis in humans |
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| After culture, what is done to determine if a strain of E. coli is pathogenic? |
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| Specific antiserum is added to the bacteria; Agglutination = pathogenic strain |
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| In E. coli, what Ag is H? K? O? |
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| H = flagella Ag K = capsule & pili Ag O = cell wall Ag |
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| What is the major aerobic bacteria in mammalian feces? |
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| E. coli |
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| ETEC |
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| Enterotoxigenic E. coli |
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| STEC |
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| Shiga Toxin E. Coli |
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| (Generally) What does ETEC cause? What does STEC cause? |
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| Diarrhea; Hemorrhagic Diarrhea |
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| (Specifically) What does ETEC cause? |
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| Porcine neonatal diarrhea; White scours in calves |
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| (Specifically) What does STEC cause? |
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| Porcine post-weaning diarrhea & edema dz |
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| What condition is caused by STEC, VTEC & EHEC? |
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| Hemorrhagic colitis & hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans |
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| What causes Edema dz? |
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| STEC |
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| What dz does E. coli cause in young animals & chickens? |
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| Septicemia |
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| What dz does E. coli cause in lambs? What virulence factor causes it? |
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| Watery mouth; Endotoxin |
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| What dz does E. coli cause in dogs? |
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| UTI; Pyometra |
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| What may follow omphalophlebitis in calves? |
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| Septicemia |
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| What are the virulence factors of E. coli? |
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| Capsule; Endotoxin; Pili/Fimbriae; Enterotoxins; Shiga Toxins; Hemolysin |
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| Can capsules be seen w/ Gr stain? |
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| No |
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| What does E. coli endotoxin cause? |
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| Fever; Intravascular clotting |
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| Give an example of E. coli pili. What does it do? |
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| K88, K99; Helps colonization |
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| What does E. coli enterotoxins do? |
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| Cause fluid secretion (loss of water & electrolytes) |
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| What does E. coli Shiga toxins do? |
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| Verotoxins incl. Edema dz toxin |
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| What does E. coli hemolysin cause? |
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| UTI |
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| If there is an outbreak of diarrhea in piglets, is culture sufficient to determine E. coli as the cause? |
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| No; must do Aggln test also |
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| What is the #1 cause of UTI in humans? |
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| E. coli |
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| How does E. coli cause diarrhea? |
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| Inf --> Attachment via pili --> Enterotoxin --> Fluid, electrolyte loss |
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| What is an important predisposing cause of E. coli diarrhea in neonates? |
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| Not receiving colostrum |
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| W/ E. coli diarrhea, what leads to death? |
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| Loss of water & electrolytes |
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| How does E. coli attach to intestinal villi? |
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| Via pili or fimbriae |
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| What dz's does E. coli cause in pigs? |
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| Neonatal enteritis (<5 day old animals); Post-weaning diarrhea; Edema dz |
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| Describe Edema dz; What animals does it affect? |
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| Pigs of any age (more common in weanling pigs); Toxin in intestine --> Blood --> Damaged blood vessels --> Edema |
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| What does neonatal diarrhea in a piglet cause? |
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| Dehydration, Acidosis, Death |
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| What is the Tx for neonatal diarrhea? |
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| Fluids & Electrolytes |
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| What is one sign of Edema dz in pigs? |
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| Edematous swelling of eyelids; Edematous stomach wall |
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| What dz's does E. coli cause in cows? |
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| Hemorrhagic colitis in calves (STEC); White scours/diarrhea in calves --> Colisepticemia/Colibacillosis; Arthritis |
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| What may precede Colisepticemia/Colibacillosis? |
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| Omphalophlebitis/Navel ill |
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| Is hemorrhagic colitis in calves common? |
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| No |
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| What is navel ill? What does it lead to w/o Tx? |
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| Navel inflammation & Fever; Death from septicemia w/i 2 days |
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| What is seen in the intestine w/ hemorrhagic colitis? |
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| Blood |
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| What is the most common cause of Hamburger dz? |
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| E. coli O157:H7 |
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| What is unique about E. coli O157:H7? |
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| Acid-Resistant |
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| What are common vehicles for acid-resistant E. coli? |
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| Undercooked minced beef patties |
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| What does E. coli cause in foals? |
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| Septicemia |
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| What does E. coli cause in poultry? |
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| Colibacillosis |
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| What does E. coli cause in cats? |
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| UTI |
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| What does E. coli cause in mares & cattle? |
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| Metritis |
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| What does E. coli cause in cows & sows? |
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| Coliform mastitis |
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| What type of pathogen is E. coli? |
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| Versatile, Opportunistic |
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| What are some urogenital tract inf's caused by E. coli? |
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| Cystitis; Pyelonephritis; Metritis |
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| When E. coli is detected in the urogenital tract, is Aggln Test req'd? |
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| No |
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| Describe Coliform mastitis due to E. coli. |
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| Endotoxic injury: hemorrhage, edema; Endotoxemia --> Fever, off feed, sometimes fatal |
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| E. coli mastitis in pigs is ______. |
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| Gangrenous |
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| How is E. coli dz diagnosed? |
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| Culture feces, other specimens; Slide agglutination test for fecal cultures; Quantitative culture for urine (dogs, cats) |
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| What is the Tx for E. coli? |
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| Fluid & electrolytes for diarrhea; Antibodies orally for diarrhea, IV for septicemia, Systemic & Local for bovine mastitis |
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| How is E. coli controlled? |
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| Vaccinate dam (pigs, cattle); Ensure colostrum for neonates (incl. watery mouth in lambs); Improve hygiene & mgmt; Vaccinate cows to reduce severity of endotoxemia |
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| What vaccine can be given to cattle to reduce the effects of endotoxemia? |
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| J5 |
