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3 Bones of the Elbow complex

answer

humerus radius and ulna

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3 Joints of the Elbow Complex

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jumeroulnar joint, the humeroradial joint and the radioulnar joint

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Unlnar collateral ligament

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the most important for stability to valgus force of the elbow and extends from the medial epicondle to the proximal ulna

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annular ligament

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extends from the ulna forming a sling around the radial head and thus allowing free rotation of the radius while providing stability and preventing radial head luxation

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radial collateral ligament

answer

provides stability to a varus force, extends from the lateral epicondyle and attaches primarily to the annular ligament

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muscles of the elbow

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biceps brachii and the brachialis and the brachioradialis muscles all of which are flexors of the elbow.

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Elbow Flexion

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muscles biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

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Elbow extension

answer

triceps brachii, anconeus

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Observation of elbow injury

answer

deformities and swelling. Increased or decreased carrying angle may indicate injury, carrying angle to great or too little may indicate growth plate fracture, a decrease in normal flexion and inability to extend fully or beyond a normal extension on one side more than the other

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lateral and medial epicondylitis tests

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the elbow is flexed to 45 degrees and wrist extension is resisted which increases pain at the lateral epicondyle when wrist flexion is resisted pain increases at the medial epicondyle

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functional evaluation

answer

the joint and muscles are evaluated for pain sites and weakness through passive active and resistive motions consisting of elbow flexion and extension and forearm pronation and supination

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Olecranon Bursitis Cause

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most frequently injured bursa in the elbow. Direct blow or falling

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Olecranon Bursistis symptoms

answer

inflamed, painful, swelling and tenderness

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Olecranon Bursitis care

answer

Ice and compression for 20 mins if acute. If chronic you need a program of protective therapy

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Elbow sprain cause

answer

hyperextension or a force that bends or twists the lower arm outward valgus force causing injury to the collateral ligament

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Elbow sprain symptoms

answer

point tenderness at the medial collateral ligament

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Elbow sprain care

answer

cold and pressure bandage for at least 24 hrs with sling support fixed at 90 degrees flexion

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Lateral Epicondylitis cause

answer

"tennis elbow" repetitive extension of the wrist inflamtion to the insertion of the extensor muscle of the lateral epicondyle

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Tennis Elbow symptoms

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achining pain in the lateral epicondyle region during and after activity. Weakness in hand and wrist, tenderness and pain on resisted extension of the wrist and full extension of the elbow

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Tennis Elbow care

answer

PRICE, NSAIDS analgesics. ROM exercises, stretching and mobilization. Counterforce brace or neoprene elbow sleeve for 1-2 months

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Medial Epicondylitis cause

answer

repeated forceful flexion of the wrist. Pitching, golf etc

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Medial Epicondylitis symptoms

answer

pain around the epicondyle of the humerus during forceful wrist flexion that may radiate down the arm, point tenderness and mild swelling

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Medial Epicondylitis Care

answer

rest, cryotherapy, heat through ultrasound, analgelsics, NSAIDS, counterforce brace below elbow bend

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Elbow Osteochrondritis Dissecans Cause

answer

blood supply can lead to fragmentation and separation of the articular cartilage and bone creating loose bodies within the bone

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Elbow Osteo. Diss. Symptoms

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sudeen pain and locking of elbow joint rom returns slowly and pain and crepitus may occur

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Ulnar Nerve Injury Cause

answer

nerve becomes dislocated and impinged by a ligament during flexion activies

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Ulnar Nerve Injury Sypmtoms

answer

lack of sensation or PARESTHESIA in 4th and 5th fingers

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Ulnar Nerve injury care

answer

surgery, no direct pressure

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Dislocation of Elbow Cause

answer

fall on the outstretched hand with elbow hyperextended or by a sever twist while elbow is flexed

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Dislocation of Elbow sypmtom

answer

bones may be displaced, deformity of the olecranon process. Bleeding, swelling. Check pulse immediatley

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Dislocation of Elbow care

answer

immobilizing splint reduction with physician ASAP 3 weeks splint, may have neurovascular problems

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Fracture of Elbow Cause

answer

fall on the outstretched hand of flexed elbow or by direct blow to the elbow

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Fracture of Elbow Symptoms

answer

usually a hemorrhage swelling nad muscle spasm

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Fracture of Elbow care

answer

ice and sling medical attention

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2 bones in forearm

answer

Ulna radius

question

Ulna

answer

long straight and larger at its upper end than its lower end

question

Radius

answer

extension of the hand is thicker at it's lower end than it's upper end

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Three articulations of forearm

answer

superior, middle and distal radioulnar joints

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Muscles of forearm

answer

flexors and pronators positioned anteriorly and attached to the medial epicondyle and of extensors and supinators which lie posteriory and are attached to the lateral epicondyle. Deep and superficial muscles at the wrist

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Contusion cause

answer

repeated blows to the forearm

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Contusion symptoms

answer

pain, swelling, and hematoma

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Contusion care

answer

PRICE for 20 mins every 1 1/2 waking hours followed the next day by cold and exercise

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Forearm Splints and other strains cause

answer

repeated static contraction. Like shin splints

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Forearm Splints sypmtoms

answer

dull ache in the extensor muscles crossing the back of the forearm. Muscle weakness

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Forearm splints care

answer

Concentrate on increasing strength through resistance exercises. rest cold heat and supportive wraps

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Forearm shaft fracture cause

answer

blow or a fall on the outstretched hand

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Forearm shaft fracture symptoms

answer

pain swelling deformity and non union

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Forearm shaft fracture care

answer

cold pack, sling, splint 8 weeks

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Colles Fracture cause

answer

involves lower distal end of radius. Fall on outstretched hand with an extended wrist forcing the forearm backward and upward into hyperextension

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Colles Fracture syptoms

answer

visable deformity to wrist bleeding, swelling the fingers and forearms as well

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Colles fracture care

answer

ice, splint wrist, sling, doctor 1 to 2 mos immobilization

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Wrist bones

answer

formed by the distal aspect of the radius and the ulna with a proximal row of four carpal bones and a distal row of four carpal bones that articulate with 5 metacarpals.

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Fingers have 3 phalanges thumb has two

answer

:)

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wrist ligaments

answer

ulnar collateral ligament also medial and lateral collateral ligaments

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volar plate

answer

thickened joint capsule on the palmar surface of hand

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muscles of wrist and hands

answer

extrinsic (outside of the hand) intrinsic (inside of the hand)

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Wrist Sprain cause

answer

abnormal forced movement of the wrist. Falling on the hyperextended wrist is the most common cause or violent flexion/torsion

question

Wrist Sprain Symptoms

answer

pain swelling and difficulty moving wrist

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Wrist Sprain Care

answer

xray PRICE, splinting, angelelsics, strengthening exercises

question

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome cause

answer

inflammation of the tendons and synovial sheaths within the wrist which leads to compression of the median nerves also direct trauma

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Carpal Tunnel Symptoms

answer

tingling, numbness, paaresthesia in the arc over thumb. Weakness in thumb movement

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Carpal Tunnel Care

answer

rest, immobilization, NSAIDS, injections and surgical decompression

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Scaphoid Fracture cause

answer

most frequently fractured carpal bone. Fall on outstretched hand

question

Scaphoid Fracture symptoms

answer

swelling and tenderness

question

Scaphoid Fracture care

answer

cold, splint, doctor cast 6 weeks

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Hamate Fracture cause

answer

fall, sports with sticks or handles

question

Hamate Fracture symptoms

answer

wrist pain and weakness and point tenderness. Tingling, numbness and weakness in little and ring fingers

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Hammate fracture care

answer

cast

question

Wrist ganglion cause

answer

repeated forced hyperextension of the wrist, and contains a clear mucinous fluid appears on back of wrist

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Wrist ganglion symptoms

answer

lump pain

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Wrist ganglion care

answer

aspiration and chemical cauterization surgical removal is best option

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Fifth metacarpal fracture (boxers fracture) cause

answer

boxing martial arts, direct axial force caused by punching something

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5th Metacarpal fracture symptoms

answer

tenderness and defect in the shaft of the 5th metacapal swelling

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5th Metacarpal Fracture care

answer

reduction and immobilzation for 3-4 weeks

question

Mallet Finger Cause

answer

blow from a thrown ball on tip of finger

question

Mallet finger symptoms

answer

pain at joint, avulsion can't extend finger tenderness

question

Mallet finger care

answer

PRICE splinted in extension for 6 to 8 weeks

question

Boutonniere Deformity Cause

answer

rupture of the extensor tendon over the middle phalanx

question

Butonniere Deformity Symptoms

answer

severe pain and inability to extend the DIP joint. Deformity and swelling

question

Butonniere Care

answer

cold application splint in extension

question

Jersey Finger Cause

answer

rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon from it's insertion on the distal phalanx

question

Jersey finger symptoms

answer

can't flex DIP joint finger is in extended position pain and tenderness

question

Jersey finger care

answer

surgery, 12 weeks of rehab

question

Gamekeeper's thumb cause

answer

sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the MCP joint of the thumb by direct blow or exerting torque on the joint

question

Gamekeepers thumb symptoms

answer

pain over the ulnar collateral ligament tenderness and swelling

question

Gamekeeper's thumb care

answer

x ray splinting over 3 weeks or until pain free

question

Collateral Ligament Sprain cause

answer

axial force to the tip of the finger

question

Collateral Ligament sprain symptom

answer

tenderness joint instability

question

Collateral ligament sprain care

answer

ice packs splinting

question

Dislocation of Phlanges cause

answer

blwo to the tip of the finger

question

Dislocation of phlanges symptoms

answer

deformity,

question

Dislocation of phlanges care

answer

reduction performed by doctor. splinting for 3 weeks in 30 degrees of flexionl buddy tape to adjacent finger xray

question

Phalanx Fracture cause

answer

fingers hit, stepped on twisted

question

Phalanx fracture symptoms

answer

pain and swelling

question

Phalanx fracture care

answer

splinted in flexion

Athletic Injury Management Chapter 19 – Flashcards

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