question

binder

answer

the substance in a medium that causes particles of pigment to adhere to one another and to the support

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pigment

answer

the coloring material of a medium. It is made from various organic or chemical substances. When mixed with binder such as water, oil, gum arabic, or other substances, it creates a drawing or painting medium

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support

answer

a surface on which a two-dimensional work of art is made; for example paper, wood or canvas

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dry media

answer

includes the mediums of metalpoint/silverpoint, pencil, charcoal, chalk, crayon, and pastel

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silverpoint

answer

drawing medium in which a silver-tipped instrument inscribes lines on a surface that has been coated with a ground or pigment

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pencil

answer

a thin rod of graphite enclosed in a cylinder of soft wood

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graphite

answer

soft black form of carbon used as a drawing implement (from graphein, Greek for "to write")

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charcoal

answer

form of carbon produced by partially burning wood or other organic matter; it can be used as a drawing implement

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chalk

answer

form of soft limestone that is easily pulverized and can be used as drawing implement

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pastel

answer

drawing implement made by grinding coloring matter, mixing it with gum, and forming it into a crayon

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crayon

answer

small stick of colored way, chalk , or chalk, or other materials that has a fatty or greasy binder. They used for writings and drawing

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conte crayon

answer

commercial drawing stick in varying degrees of hardness and in a range of black, white, and red earth colors

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liquid media

answer

ink, along with the pen or brush, the instruments used to apply it

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papyrus

answer

writing surface made from the papyrus plant

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quill

answer

pen made from a large, stiff feather

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nib

answer

point of a pen; the split and sharpened end of a quill pen

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stylus

answer

pointed, needlelike tool

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wash

answer

layer of color, often uniform in tone, applied across the paper with a brush

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calligraphy

answer

beautiful handwriting; penmanship; ornamental writing with a pen or brush

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brush and wash

answer

more versatile than brush and ink in that it can create an image through tonal contrasts without the use of line

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cartoon

answer

a full-scale preparatory drawing made for projects such as a fresco, stained glass, or tapestries usually on paper and drawn to scale with the larger work

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painting

answer

application of a pigment to a surface; a work of art created in this manner

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paint

answer

mixture of a pigment with a vehicle or medium

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medium

answer

binding material in paint in which the pigment is suspended. The materials and methods used to create an image or object, as in drawing, painting, sculpture, etc.

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ground

answer

surface on which a two-dimensional work of art is created; a coat of liquid material applied to a support that serves as a base for drawing or painting. Also, the background in a composition

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vehicle

answer

liquid such as water or oil with which pigments are mixed for painting

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binder

answer

material that binds substances together

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support

answer

surface on which a two-dimensional work of art is made

question

solvent

answer

enables the artist to thin the paint so as to control its flow and also to clean the brushes

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fresco

answer

type of painting in which pigments are applied to a fresh, wet plaster surface or wall and thereby become part of the surface or wall. From the Italian word meaning "fresh."

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buon fresco

answer

true fresco, as executed on damp lime plaster: Contrast with fresco secco

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fresco secco

answer

dry fresco; painting executed on dry plaster: Contrast with buon fresco

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encaustic

answer

method of painting in which the colors in a wax medium are burned into a surface with hot irons

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egg tempra

answer

painting medium in which ground pigments are bound with egg yolk

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tempra

answer

kind of painting in which pigments are mixed with casein, size, or egg-particularly egg yolk- to create a dull finish

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gild

answer

apply gold leaf of thin sheets of a gold like substance to a surface

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primer

answer

preliminary coating applied to a painting support to improve adhesion of paints or to create special effects

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gesso

answer

plaster of Paris that is applied to a wooden or canvas support and used as a surface for painting or as the material for sculpture. An Italian word meaning "gypsum."

question

glaze

answer

to coat a painted surface with a semi-transparent color that provides a glassy or glossy finish. In ceramics, to apply a liquid suspension of powdered material to the surface of a ware. After drying, the ware is fired at a temperature that causes the ingredients to melt together to from a hard, glossy coating

question

impasto

answer

application of media such as oils and acrylics so that an actual texture is built up on a surface

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acrylic paint

answer

paint in which pigments are combined with a synthetic plastic medium that is durable, soluble in water, and quick-drying

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aquarelle

answer

watercolor technique in which transparent films of paint are applied to a white, absorbent surface

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gouache

answer

type of watercolor paint that is made opaque by mixing pigments with a particular gum binder

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spray paint

answer

a painting technique where a device sprays a coating (paint, ink, varnish etc.) through the air onto a surface. The most common types employ compressed gas — usually air compressed by an air compressor — to atomize and direct the paint particles

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collage

answer

assemblage of two-dimensional objects to create an image: works of art in which materials such as paper, cloth, and wood are pasted to a two-dimensional surface, such as a wooden panel or canvas (from coller, French for " to paste")

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synthetic cubism

answer

second phase of Cubism, which emphasized the form of the object, and constructing rater than disintegrating that form

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mosaic

answer

medium in which the ground is wet plaster on an architectural element, such as a wall, into which small pieces (tesserae) of colored tile, stone, or glass are assembled to create an image

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print

answer

a picture or design made by pressing or hitting a surface with a plate, block, etc. In photography, a photograph, especially one made from a negative

question

matrix

answer

the working surface of the block, slab, or screen

question

woodcut

answer

surface from which the background areas can be carved or chipped away is suitable for relief printing

question

relief printing

answer

printmaking technique in which the printing matrix is carved with knives so that the areas not meant to be printed (that is, not meant to leave an image) are below the surface of the matrix

question

registration

answer

the precise alignment of impression made by two or more printing blocks or plates on the same sheet of paper, as when printing an image in several colors

question

linocut

answer

relief printmaking technique in which a block of linoleum is carved so as to leave image areas raised above the surface of the block; in function. Also the resultant print

question

wood engraving

answer

type of relief printing in which a hard, laminated, nondirectional wood surface is used as the matrix

question

lamination

answer

process of building up by layers

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incise

answer

cut into with a sharp tool

question

burin

answer

pointed cutting tool used by engravers

question

graver

answer

cutting tool used by engravers and sculptors

question

intaglio

answer

printing process in which metal plates are incised, covered with ink, wiped, and pressed against paper. The paint receives the image of the areas that are below the surface of the matrix

question

engraving

answer

in printmaking an intaglio process in which plates of copper, zinc, or steel are cut with a burin and the ink image is pressed onto paper

question

drypoint

answer

variation of engraving in which the surface of the matrix is cut with a needle to make rough edges. In print-making, rough edges make soft rather than crisp lines

question

etching

answer

an intaglio process in which the matrix is first covered with an acid-resistant ground. The ground is removed from certain areas with a needle, and the matrix is dipped in acid, which eats away at the areas exposed by the needle. These areas become grooves that are inked and printed

question

ground

answer

an acid-resistant substance used to protect nonimage areas of the plate from the action of the acid

question

mezzotint

answer

nonlinear engraving process in which the matrix is pitted with a hatcher

question

rocker/hatcher

answer

a serrated cutting tool with a wide, curved edge that roughens the surface of the plate. An engraving instrument that leaves a metal matrix printed

question

aquatint

answer

etching technique in which a metal plate is colored with acid-resistant resin and heated, causing the resin to melt. Before printing, areas of the plate are then exposed by a needle, and the plate receives an acid bath before being printed. Aquatint can be manipulated to resemble washes

question

soft-ground etching

answer

etching technique in which a ground of softened wax yields effects similar to those of pencil or crayon drawings

question

lift-ground etching

answer

etching technique in which a sugar solution is brushed onto a resin-coated plate, creating the illusion of a brush and ink drawing

question

gauffrage

answer

inkless intaglio process

question

lithography

answer

surface printing process in which an image is drawn onto a matrix with a greasy wax crayon. The matrix is dampened, but the waxed areas repel water. The matrix is then inked, but the ink adheres only to the waxed areas. When the matrix is pressed against paper, the paper receives the image of the crayon

question

planographic painting

answer

method of printing from a flat surface, such as lithography

question

offset lithography

answer

variation of lithography in which the image is hand-drawn by the artist on mylar

question

serigraphy

answer

printmaking process in which stencils are applied to a screen of silk or similar material stretched on a frame. Paint or ink is forced through the open areas of the stencil onto the paper beneath. Also termed silk-screen printing

question

silk-screen printing

answer

printmaking process in which stencils are applied to a screen of silk or similar material stretched on a frame. Paint or ink is forced through the open areas of the stencil onto the paper beneath. Also termed serigraphy

question

squeegee

answer

T-shaped tool with a rubber blade used to remove liquid from a surface

question

photo-silk screen

answer

variation of serigraphy (silk-screen) that allows the artist to create photographic images on a screen covered with a light-sensitive gel

question

monotype

answer

a technique in which paint is brushed onto a matrix that is pressed against a sheet of paper, yielding a single print

question

animation

answer

creation of animated cartoons; the photographing of a series of drawings, each of which shows a stage of movement that differs slightly from the previous one, so that the figures in them appear to move when projected in rapid succession

question

bitumen

answer

asphalt

question

apature

answer

opening

question

camera obscura

answer

early camera consisting of a large dark chamber with a lens opening, through which an image is projected onto the opposite surface in its natural colors

question

candid

answer

unposed, informal

question

cinematography

answer

photographic art of creating motion pictures

question

close-up

answer

a shot made from very close range, providing intimate detail

question

color negative film

answer

color film from which negatives are made

question

color reversal film

answer

color film from which color prints (positives) are made directly (without the intervening step of creating negatives)

question

computer art

answer

production of images by artists with the assistance of the computer. Artists can use the computer to create art for its own sake or as a design tool, as in architecture and graphic design

question

computer assisted design

answer

use of the computer to assist artists and designers working in other media, such as architecture

question

contact print

answer

photographic print that is made by placing the negative in contact with another sheet of photosensitive paper and exposing them both to light so that the second sheet of paper acquires the image

question

daguerreotype

answer

photograph made from a silver-coated copper plate. Named after the innovator of the method, Louis Daguerre

question

digital art

answer

art forms that make use of or are developed with the assistance of electronic instruments such as computers that store and manipulate information through the use of series of zeroes and ones (digits); including but not limited to Web design, graphic design, and digital photography

question

digital photography

answer

photography that stores visual information electronically rather than by means of film

question

dissolve

answer

a fading technique in which the current scene grows dimmer as the subsequent scene grows brighter

question

editing

answer

rearranging a film or video record to provide a more coherent or interesting narrative or presentation of the images

question

emulsion

answer

suspension of a salt of silver in gelatin or collodion that is used to coat film and photographic plates

question

fading

answer

the gradual dimming or brightening of a scene, used as a transition between scenes

question

film

answer

thin sheet of cellulose material that is coated with a photosensitive substance

question

heliography

answer

process in which bitumen is placed on a pewter plate to create a photosensitive surface which is exposed to the sun. From the Greek helios, meaning sun

question

holography

answer

lensless photography method in which laser light produces three-dimensional images by splitting into two beams and recording the original subject and its reflection in a mirror

question

lense

answer

transparent substance with at least one curved surface that causes the convergence or divergence of light rays passing through. In the eye and the camera, lenses are used to focus images onto photosensitive surfaces

question

longshot

answer

a shot made from a great distance, providing an overview of a scene

question

ocher

answer

dark yellow color derived from an earthy clay

question

pan

answer

move a motion picture or video camera from side to aide to capture a comprehensive or continuous view of a subject

question

parallel editing

answer

shifting back and forth from one event or story line to another

question

photosensitive

answer

a surface that is sensitive to light and therefore capable of recording images

question

stereoscopy

answer

illusion of three dimensions by simultaneously viewing two photographs of a scene that are taken from slightly different angles, as the scene would be seen by two eyes

question

stop

answer

the aperture of a lens, which is typically adjustable; the f-number

question

zoogyroscope

answer

early motion picture projector

question

free standing sculpture

answer

sculpture that is carved or cast in the round, unconnected to any architectural member, which can be viewed from any of the 360º of vantage points achieved by walking around it in a circle. It can also be designed for a niche, in whose placement one's points of view are limited

question

relief sculpture

answer

sculpture that is carved to ornament architecture or furniture, as opposed to freestanding sculpture

question

bas relief

answer

sculpture that project only slightly from its background (from bas, French for " low")

question

high relief

answer

sculpture that projects from its background by at least half it natural depth

question

subtractive

answer

the removal of material, as in carving

question

additive

answer

adding or assembling materials, as in modeling and constructing

question

carving

answer

the process of cutting away material, such as wood

question

casting

answer

process of creating a form by pouring a liquid material into a mold, allowing it to harden, and then removing the mold

question

mold

answer

pattern or matrix for giving form to something in a molten or plastic state; a frame on which something is modeled

question

lost-wax technique

answer

bronze-casting process in which an initial mold is made from a model (usually clay) and filled with molten wax. A second, fire-resistant mold is made from the wax, and molten bronze is cast in it

question

constructed sculpture

answer

sculpture in which forms are built up from such materials as wood, paper and string, and sheet metal and wire

question

title arc

answer

change the environment and you change how the viewer perceives it

question

assemblage

answer

work of art that consists of three-dimensional objects assembled to create an image. Artists often manipulate preexisting objects in various ways and incorporate them with other media, such as paining or printmaking

question

readymade

answer

found objects that are exhibited as works of art, frequently after being placed in a new contest with a new title

question

mixed media

answer

use of two or more media to create a single image

question

kinetic art

answer

art that moves, such as the mobile

question

earthwork

answer

work of art in which large amounts of earth or land are shaped into a sculpture

question

site specific art

answer

art that is produced in or for one location and is not intended to be relocated

question

ephemeral art

answer

works that have a temporary immediacy or are built with the recognition that they will disintegrate

question

public art

answer

works created for public spaces

question

monument

answer

site-specific public art that is intended to preserve the memory of a person or an event

question

stelae

answer

usually carved or inscribed stone slab or pillar used for commemorative purposes

question

architecture

answer

art and science of designing buildings, bridges, and other structures to help us meet our personal and communal needs

question

tensile strength

answer

the ability of a material to span horizontal distances with minimum support from underneath

question

post and lintel

answer

construction in which vertical elements (posts) are used to support horizontal crosspieces (lintels)

question

doric style

answer

column has no base, nothing separating it from the floor below; its capital, the topmost part between the shaft of the column and the roof or lintel, is a plain stone slab above a rounded stone

question

iconic style

answer

column has a stepped base and a carved capital in the form of two graceful spirals known as volutes

question

corinthian style

answer

column has a more detailed base and a capital of delicately carved acanthus leaves

question

arch

answer

curved or pointed structure consisting of wedge-shaped blocks that span an open space and support the weight of material above by transferring the load outward and downward over two vertical supports, or piers

question

keystone

answer

the wedge-shaped stone placed in the top center of an arch

question

compressive strength

answer

degree to which a material can withstand the pressure of being squeezed

question

vault

answer

any series of arches other than an arcade used to create space

question

barrel vault

answer

oofed-over space or tunnel constructed as an elongated arch

question

groin vault

answer

a vault that is constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles so that a square is covered

question

buttress

answer

support or prop up construction with a projecting structure, usually built of brick or stone; a massive masonry structure on the exterior wall of a building whose function is to press inward and upward in order to hold the stone blocks of arches in place

question

bay

answer

the area or space spanned by a single unit of vaulting that may be marked off by piers or columns

question

gothic

answer

style of Western European art and architecture developed between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries C.E.. An architecture, characterized by ribbed vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and high, steep roofs

question

pointed arch

answer

arch that comes to a point at top rather than being rounded

question

flying buttress

answer

structure that connects a buttress on the exterior of a building with the interior vault that it supports

question

dome

answer

a hemispherical structure that is round when viewed from beneath

question

post and beam

answer

vertical elements (posts) and horizontal timbers (beams) are pieced together with wooden pegs

question

truss

answer

rigid, triangular frame used for supporting structures such as roofs and bridges

question

balloon framing

answer

a wooden skeleton of a building constructed from prefabricated studs and nails

question

cast iron

answer

hard alloy of iron that contains silicon and carbon and is made by casting

question

steel-cage construction

answer

method of building that capitalizes on the strength of steel by piecing together slender steel beams to form the skeleton of a structure

question

geodesic dome

answer

structure invented by R. Buckminster Fuller, based on triangles arranged into tetrahedrons (or four-faced solids)

question

craft

answer

expert handiwork, or work done by hand

question

crafts

answer

works of art, decorative or useful, that are skillfully made by hand

question

design

answer

combination of the visual elements of art according to principles of design such as balance and unity

question

eathenware

answer

tan, porous pottery fired at a relatively low temperature (below 2,000o F)

question

emboss

answer

decorate with designs that are raised above a surface

question

embroidery

answer

the art of ornamenting fabric with needlework

question

enamel

answer

apply a hard, glossy coating to a surface. A coating of this type

question

fiber

answer

slender, threadlike structure that can be woven

question

fiberglass

answer

finespun glass filaments that can be woven into textiles

question

flint glass

answer

hard, bright glass that contains lead oxide

question

form

answer

totality of what the viewer sees in a work of art—the product of the composition of the visual elements

question

function

answer

action for which a thing is specially fitted or used or for which a thing exists; implies a definite end or purpose that a particular kind of work it is intended to perform

question

glaze

answer

to coat a pained surface with a semi-transparent color that provides a glassy or glossy finish. In ceramics, to apply a liquid suspension of powdered material to the surface of a ware. After drying, the ware is fired at a temperature that causes the ingredients to melt together to form a hard, glossy coating

question

industrial design

answer

planning and artistic enhancement of industrial products

question

Jasper

answer

kind of porcelain developed by Josiah Wedgwood. Jasper (also called Jasperware) is characterized by a dull green or blue surface and raised white designs

question

logo

answer

abbreviation for logotype

question

metalsmith

answer

artist or craftsman who works with metal, especially in making sculptures, jewelry, etc

question

nonporous

answer

containing pores and thus not permitting the passage of fluids

question

pile weave

answer

type of weave in which knots are tied then cut, forming an even surface

question

plain weave

answer

type of weave in which the woof thread passes above one warp fiber and below the next

question

porcelain

answer

hard, white, translucent, nonporous clay body. The bisque is fired at a relatively low temperature and the glaze at a high temperature

question

pottery

answer

pots, bowls, dishes, and similar wares made of clay and hardened by heat. A shop at which such objects are made

question

satin weave

answer

type of weave in which the woof passes above and below several warp threads at a time

question

silica

answer

hard, glossy mineral compound of silicon and oxygen

question

stainless steel

answer

steel made virtually immune to corrosion by being alloyed with chromium or other metals

question

stoneware

answer

ceramic that is fired at from about 2,300 to 2,700 degrees Fahrenheit. The resultant object is usually gray but can be tan or reddish. Stoneware is nonporous or slightly porous and is used in dinnerware and ceramic sculpture

question

terra-cotta

answer

hard, reddish brown earthenware used in sculpture and pottery; usually left unglazed

question

throwing

answer

ceramics, the process of shaping that takes place on the potter's wheel

question

tie-dyeing

answer

designs by sewing or tying folds in cloth to prevent a dye from reaching certain areas

question

twill weave

answer

type of weave with broken diagonal patterns

question

typography

answer

art of designing, arranging, and setting type for printing

question

vitrify

answer

to become hard, glassy, nonporous

question

ware

answer

pottery or porcelain; a good to be sold by a merchant

question

warp

answer

the threads that run lengthwise in a loom and which are crossed by the weft or woof

question

weaving

answer

making of fabrics by the interlacing of threads or fibers, as on a loom

question

weft

answer

the yarns that are carried back and forth across the warp

Art appreciation vocab chp 5-12 – Flashcards

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