question

Your text provides the example of the Columbine High School shootings as an extreme example of aggression. Which of the following is not true about the shooting? a. The shooters intended the massacre to be much worse. b. The shooters were disgruntled high school teachers. c. It is the worst school shooting in U.S. history. d. Over a dozen people were injured and/or killed.

answer

B

question

According to most social psychologists, aggression is defined as a. the intention to cause harm to or pain in another. b. the infliction of harm or pain on another. c. the intention to relieve frustration by harming another. d. any action that results in physical or psychological pain in another.

answer

A

question

According to the social-psychological definition of "aggression," which of the behaviors below is the best example of aggression? a. Donald is not paying attention and runs over the neighbor's bicycle as he backs out of the driveway. b. Amanda asserts herself with her boss and makes a spirited argument for a raise. c. A child throws a temper tantrum and tries to hit his father. d. One basketball player fouls another when he is trying to shoot.

answer

C

question

Which of the following is the best example of hostile aggression? a. Bernie is angry at his mother and screams at her, "I hate you!" b. Angela threatens her younger brother to force him to give up a toy which belongs to her. c. A lineman sacks a quarterback to put him out of the game. d. An angry driver loses control and runs his car into a ditch.

answer

A

question

________ aggression is an act that stems from feelings of anger, and that is aimed at inflicting pain. a. Misplaced b. Hostile c. Instrumental d. Malicious

answer

B

question

________ aggression is an act in the service of a goal that does not involve the infliction of pain. a. Misplaced b. Hostile c. Instrumental d. Oblique

answer

C

question

Hostile aggression differs from instrumental aggression in that instrumental aggression a. often follows from anger or frustration. b. is more destructive than hostile aggression. c. is more likely to result in retaliation. d. involves inflicting pain as a means to an end

answer

D

question

Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression? a. Scott has a quick temper and gets into fights at parties. b. An assassin kills a leader to ensure the success of a coup. c. Angry at her boyfriend, Liz destroys his stereo. d. Karin runs over her neighbor's cat.

answer

B

question

Which of the following is an example of hostile rather than of instrumental aggression? a. A farmer kills a pig for an Easter ham. b. A teenager throws eggs at a homeless person. c. A woman uses a fly swatter to kill a fly. d. A soldier kills an enemy at war.

answer

B

question

Andrea asks her friends to spread a nasty rumor about her opponent for the office of class president to attempt to damage his reputation in the days before the election. This is an example of a. instrumental aggression. b. hostile aggression. c. assertiveness. d. extreme prejudice.

answer

A

question

The goal of ________ aggression is to inflict pain; the goal of ________ aggression is to achieve some other outcome. a. hostile; instrumental b. hostile; functional c. functional; instrumental d. biological; evolutionary

answer

A

question

According to the authors of your text, the same act may be considered aggression or not depending on whether a. physical harm was actually done. b. physical or psychological harm was done. c. physical or psychological harm was intended. d. the act was due to anger or was a means to an end.

answer

C

question

Mr. Jenkins was backing out of his driveway and accidentally hit his neighbor (whom he dislikes) as he was biking by. Why isn't this act aggressive? a. Because no psychological harm was done. b. Because Mr. Jenkins wasn't angry at the time. c. The neighbor was defenseless. d. It was unintentional.

answer

D

question

Julie is really interested in Tom. She flirts with him at lunch a few times, and finally asks him out for a drink on Friday. According to the authors of your text, Julie's behavior is a. assertive. b. aggressive. c. masculine. d. abnormal.

answer

A

question

According to evolutionary theory, some psychologists argue that men are programmed to be aggressive. What is their explanation for this claim? Men are stronger than women, thus more aggressive. Men are socialized to be more aggressive. Aggression may help men perpetuate their genes. Acts of aggression and violence are attractive to many women.

answer

C

question

Based on the evolutionary explanations for aggression presented in your text, who is most likely to be physically aggressive? an Asian American a woman an African American a man

answer

D

question

Based on information presented in your text, what are the two evolutionary reasons why males are aggressive? dominance and jealousy hostility and instrumentality jealousy and hostility dominance and instrumentality

answer

A

question

In a primitive tribe, Shantu fights with the other young men his age to impress the young ladies. As it turns out, several young women are attracted to him because he seems to be able to protect them and is rising in social status. In essence, Shantu's aggression can be explained in evolutionary terms as a display of jealousy. dominance. brutality. fertility.

answer

B

question

Shortly after Mary and Robert were married, he became somewhat aggressive to other men who showed an interest in his wife, and made claims like, "Anyone who lays a hand on my woman has to go through me first." Such claims and aggression are explained by evolutionary theory as displays of dominance. acts of power. domestic violence. sexual jealousy.

answer

D

question

20. Males tend to be more violent in their teens and twenties than later in life. Based on evolutionary theory (as discussed by the authors of your text), why would this be true? They are having trouble finding their place in the world. These are peak reproductive years. They are starting puberty. This is when antisocial personality disorder manifests.

answer

B

question

Researchers have found that testosterone levels are significantly higher in men ________, suggesting a ________ contribution to aggression in humans. a. from abusive homes; biological b. convicted of violent crimes; biological. from lower socioeconomic backgrounds; social d. convicted of property crimes; biological

answer

B

question

Evolutionary explanations for behavior are controversial for several reasons. Nonetheless, how true are the evolutionary explanations for aggression? Experiments have been conducted, so they are proven facts. The theory has been supported by substantial experimental research All the research is correlational, so they are speculations. There is no data to support evolutionary explanations, so they have been dis

answer

C

question

Biologist Zing Yang Kuo (1961) demonstrated that a cat that had been raised from birth with a rat in the same cage would attack neither that specific rat nor other rats. This research suggests that a. conflict over scarce resources contributes to aggression. b. aggression is a learned response. c. aggressive behavior is not instinctive. d. aggressive instincts can be modified through experience.

answer

D

question

A researcher (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1963) raised rats in isolation. When other rats were finally introduced into their cages, rats raised alone ________, suggesting that ________. a. could not defend themselves; aggression is learned b. used the same aggressive behaviors as other rats; aggression need not be learned c. did not aggress against them; instrumental aggression does not exist in nonhumans d. fled from the new rats; aggression must be learned

answer

B

question

Researchers have found that humans kill members of their own kind at ________ rate ________. a. the same; as bonobos b. a lower; than bonobos c. a higher; than chimpanzees d. the same; as chimpanzees

answer

D

question

How does female-dominated society lead bonobos to deal with conflict? a. They diffuse tension by having sex. b. There is aggressive conflict, but only among females. c. There is aggressive conflict, but among both males and females in mixed sex combat. d. They have a clear and unchallenged hierarchy with a female firmly in charge of the group.

answer

A

question

Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals, it is reasonable to conclude that aggression a. is not inevitable, but instead an optional strategy. b. may be instinctive; very few species are able to suppress aggressive urges. c. is not instinctive, but rather solely a result of learned processes. d. is instinctive in all species except humans.

answer

A

question

According to research presented by the authors of your text, humans' two closest primate relatives (sharing 98 percent of DNA with humans) are the ________, known for their aggressive nature, and the ________, known for their peaceful nature. bonobos, chimpanzees pygmy chimps, bonobos chimpanzees, bonobos bonobos, pygmy chimps

answer

C

question

The chimpanzee shares 98 percent of its DNA with humans, and can be described as the only nonhuman species that commits murder. the only nonhuman species that steals from members of its own group. extremely peaceful. led by a female hierarchy.

answer

A

question

Bonobos are a close primate relative to humans, sharing 98 percent of human DNA. Bonobos are particularly interesting to use when studying aggression because they are a. highly aggressive primates who are known to brutally attack one another. b. led by a male hierarchy. c. very peaceful and led by a female hierarchy. d. the only other animal with the hormone testosterone.

answer

C

question

The Pygmies of Central Africa and the Arapesh of New Guinea live in peace and harmony, while European history consists of one war after the other. Formerly peace-loving, the Iroquois became a fierce and aggressive Native American tribe in the seventeenth century. These examples illustrate that a. in humans, innate behavioral patterns—including aggression—are infinitely malleable and modifiable. b. frustration often contributes to aggression in otherwise peaceable societies. c. there are strong regional differences in the endorsement of aggression as a solution to social problems. d. humans, lacking inhibitory mechanisms, must rely on cultural norms to curb aggression.

answer

A

question

According to your textbook, most social psychologists agree that aggression is a(n) ________ strategy. a. inherited b. uncontrollable c. optional d. inflexible

answer

C

question

What, according to the social-psychological point of view, is inherited about aggression? a. Nothing: aggression is completely learned from one's parents, peers, and culture. b. a tendency to respond to provocation against an aggressor, which can be overridden c. fixed action patterns of responding to certain "trigger" cues d. patterns of threat and attack in response to challenge

answer

B

question

34. Most social psychologists regard aggressive behavior patterns as a. infinitely modifiable and flexible. b. completely due to culture, with no influence of biology. c. inborn, but modifiable when

answer

A

question

During the seventeenth century, when European fur traders arrived, the Iroquois changed from a peace-loving tribe to fierce enemies of their neighbors, the Hurons. This suggests that a. there are consistent cultural norms driving the expression of aggression. b. tribal inbreeding selected for aggressive behaviors. c. economic and social competition can elicit aggression. d. aggression is affected by innate propensities and learned inhibitory responses.

answer

C

question

Amu lives in an isolated area and very close-knit community. The community hunts and farms together and must do so to survive. If Amu suddenly becomes aggressive toward other community members, how is he likely to be treated? a. He'll be rewarded with a larger share of food. b. He will be elected to a leadership position in the community. c. He will be shunned and perhaps even cast out of the community. d. His behavior will be ignored and won't attract any attention.

answer

C

question

The Teduray of the Philippines believe that humans are violent by nature, so they work to be sure that their behavior does not harm others. However, when will they become aggressive? a. When someone in the group commits adultery. b. When they must protect themselves from outside groups. c. When it is hunting season and they must compete with one another for scarce food. d. When they have to compete to find a wife or husband

answer

B

question

Survey research by Nisbett (1993) has revealed that although southerners are no more likely than northerners to endorse aggression in general, a. southerners are more prone to aggress in response to insults. b. the availability of handguns in the South produces more homicides there. c. the "culture of honor" in the North encourages alternatives to aggression. d. southerners are less likely to endorse aggression at the service of self-protection

answer

A

question

Nisbett (1993) has conducted research pointing to regional differences in the propensity to aggress. Based on his findings, which of the men below would be more likely to beat up another man who called his wife "ugly"? a. Jethro, who lives in New York City b. Rocky, who is from Maine c. Ted, who lives in Texas d. Brian, who lives in rural Indiana

answer

C

question

Assume that Kyle grew up in the South, where a "culture of honor" predominates. Based on research presented in the text, Kyle would be more likely than a northerner to behave aggressively when a. he feels his life is threatened. b. someone insults him. c. he has been drinking. d. he has won a contest.

answer

B

question

According to Nisbett (1993), a(n) ________ is characteristic of regions where inhabitants evolved from herding societies, and thus ________. a. culture of honor; aggression is relatively rare b. culture of honor; some forms of aggression are more common c. norm of "machismo"; aggression is more common and more lethal d. ethos of cooperation; aggression has become evolutionarily maladaptive

answer

B

question

A study presented in the text demonstrated that when participants were first "accidentally" bumped, then called a disrespectful name, northerners tended to react ________ southerners. a. more aggressively than b. more assertively than c. as aggressively as d. less aggressively than

answer

D

question

Suzanne is a master of relationship aggression. Her tools for being aggressive would include a. spreading rumors b. punching c. stealing d. hitting

answer

A

question

Which of the following is out of place? a. gossiping b. shunning c. slapping d. backbiting

answer

C

question

In which situations are women and girls less aggressive than men and boys? a. across the board, in virtually every situation examined b. when the aggression engaged in is covert (e.g., backbiting and spreading false rumors) c. when the aggression is in response to a direct provocation such as an insult d. in everyday situations when nothing special is going on

answer

D

question

Research suggests that men are more likely than women to interpret ________ situations as provocative and thus to respond aggressively. a. insulting b. frustrating c. ambiguous d. conciliatory

answer

C

question

Which of the following statements is false? a. When women commit acts of overt aggression, they are more likely to feel guilt or anxiety over it than men do. b. Although gender differences exist in aggression in general, women are as likely to murder their husbands as men are to murder their wives. c. The gender difference in aggression tends to show up in everyday situations when nothing special is going on. d. Cross-cultural comparisons show that men tend to be more aggressive than women in virtually every culture examined.

answer

B

question

Glen and Stacy are at a park with friends. Another couple begins taunting them and saying rude things. Based on research presented in this chapter regarding provocation, who is likely to behave aggressively? a. Glen b. Stacy c. both d. neither

answer

C

question

Which of the following is false? a. Across cultures, men have been found to be more aggressive than women in everyday life. b. Gender differences exist in aggression, particularly in response to provocation (e.g., an insult.) c. When aggression is indirect (nonphysical), females may be as aggressive as males. d. Females tend to feel more guilt and anxiety over aggressive behavior than males do.

answer

B

question

Who is most likely to be aggressive? a. a female from Australia b. a male from Korea c. a male from Sweden d. a female from the U.S.

answer

A

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