APWH Unit V 16-17-18-19 – Flashcards
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Which of the following was an effect of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic World?
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Slave owners & whites were filled w/ a deep caution & fear
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Which of the following arguments made the cause of abolition widely acceptable in the 19th c.?
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Slavery was not necessary for economic progress
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Which of the following was a result of the end of slavery in the Atlantic World?
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New forms of dependent labor like sharecropping emerged
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Which of the following is true of the women's movement by the early 1900's?
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In the most industrialized countries of the West, it became a mass movement
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The Atlantic revolutions challenged the absolute & divine authority of
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monarchies
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How did the Atlantic revolutions influence subsequent movements that spread t/out Europe?
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All were committed to republicanism & social equality
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Which of the following was an outcome of the Haitian Revolution?
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Definition of political citizenship as "black"
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Which of the following is true about women's participation in the French Revolution?
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Women of all classes joined in the major events of the revolution
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What common set of circumstances contributed to the abolition of slavery in the Atlantic world & the end of serfdom in the 19th c.?
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Fear of rebellion, economic inefficiency, & moral concerns
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Which of the following reflects an understanding of the nation in the 19th c.?
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A diverse group of people who assimilate into the dominate culture of a particular territory
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Which of the following represents a way that governments in the 19th c. instilled national loyalties in their citizens?
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Sponsoring public rituals
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What did the Atlantic revolutions share in common?
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A common political vocabulary
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Which of the following elements of the French Revolution did Napoleon preserve?
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Secular legal code
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In the 19th c., nationalism in Europe fueled
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a competitive drive for colonies in Asia & Africa
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Which of the following is an example of the influence of nationalism outside the Euro-American world in the 19th c.?
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The "Egypt for Egyptians" movement
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Some feminists based their arguments for women's rights on the role of women as
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mothers
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Which of the following represents the influence of nationalism in the 19th c.?
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The political unification of Germany & Italy
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The chief beneficiaries of all but one of the Atlantic revolutions were
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propertied white men of the "middling classes"
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The Atlantic revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment belief that political & social arrangements
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could be improved by human action
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What did the leaders of the various independence movements in Latin America do to gain the support of the general population?
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Appeal to the nationalistic feeling by defining all those born in the Americans as "American"
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In countries outside of Western Europe & the United Staes, arguments for women's rights were often linked w/
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modernization & nation strengthening
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In contrast to the American Revolution, the French Revolution
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sought to re-create society from scratch
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The American Revolution erupted as a response to increasing
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British control over the economic affairs of the colonies
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Which of the following was used by intellectuals in 19th c. Europe to argue for women's rights?
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Maternal feminism
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In Latin America, creole elites pursued independence & political change out of fear that
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social unrest from the lower classes & non-whites would get out of control
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Which of the following has been offered as an explanation for why Britain was the first European country to industrialize?
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The Scientific Revolution in Great Britain fostered technological innovation
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Which of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry & technology?
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Until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, & China enjoyed similar levels of economic development
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Which of the following was a reason for the failure of socialism to take root in the United States?
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The higher standard of living enjoyed by most American workers
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Which group in the United States in the early 20th c. pressed for reforms to correct the abuses of capitalist industrialization?
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The Progressives
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Which of the following played a greater role in industrial development in Russia than in the United States or Western Europe?
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The state
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Which of the following was a factor that pushed many Europeans to immigrate in the 19th c.?
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The decline in peasant farming in their homelands
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In what way was the Industrial Revolution a global phenomenon by the end of the 19th c.?
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Even regions that failed to industrialize were impacted by industrialization
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Which of the following reflects an explanation for Europe's Industrial Revolution, which most historians criticize was Euro-centric & deterministic?
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Unique advantages of European society, economy, or history gave it a long-term advantage & head-start in industrializing
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Industrialization led to violent social revolution only in
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Russia
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Which of the following describes how the Industrial Revolution unfolded?
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It began independently in only one place, Great Britain
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Which of the following accompanied industrialization wherever it occurred in the world?
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Urbanization
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Which of the following groups benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in 19th c. Britain?
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The middle classes
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How did Britain's geography effects its Industrial Revolution?
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Coal & iron ore deposits were abundant & close to each other
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In 19th c. Britain, women from the laboring classes found jobs as
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factory women & domestic servants
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Which of the following was a result of the Industrial Revolution?
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An increase in mining, manufacturing, & services
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How did the working class movement in Britain differ from the one in Russia?
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It advocated a reformist program & a peaceful transition to socialism
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Which of the following describes the situation in Latin America after independence?
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Politically, the area was plagued by internal divisions, regional revolts, & international wars
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Which of the following describes a feature of Karl Marx's vision of the society the predicted would emerge after the collapse of capitalism?
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A society w/out classes or conflict
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Which of the following is a phrase that has been used to describe the form of economic growth in Latin America in the 19th & early 20th c.'s?
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Dependent development
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In the 18th c., how did the the Industrial Revolution solve an emerging energy crisis?
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It introduced the use of coal, oil, & natural gas as sources of fuel
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How did contact w/ other civilizations contribute to Europe's Industrial Revolution?
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It enabled Europe to draw disproportionately on the world's resources
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What was most of the European capital invested in Latin America used to finance?
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Railroads
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The economic development of Latin America was heavily dependent upon
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foreign capital
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Which of the following made global migration an appealing option for many Europeans during the 19th c.?
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The demand for labor overseas
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Which of the following was a value associated w/ middle-class culture in 19th c. Britain?
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Hard work
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Which of the following represents the imperialist actions of a country outside of Europe?
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Japan's takeover of Taiwan & Korea
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Which of the following represented a form of force labor in colonial economies in the 19th c.?
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Employment in European-owned businesses
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Which of the following reflects a new element in European views of non-Europeans in the 19th c.?
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The belief that the racial inferiority of non-Europeans could be scientifically proven
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In the 19th c., European interest in expanding overseas markets was driven by a desire to
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sell surplus manufactured goods
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What played a more important role in distinguishing rulers from their colonial subjects in the imperialism of the 19th c. than in earlier instances of imperialism?
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Race
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What elements of the modernizing process did colonial rule convey on colonies?
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Communication & transportation infrastructure
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In the 19th c., Europeans & Americans viewed imperialismas
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a "civilizing mission"
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Which of the following was a consequence of the emphasis on cash-crop agriculture in European colonies?
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The vulnerability of African & Asian farmers to price fluctuations in the international market
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Which of the following is an example of resistance to colonial rule in the 19th c.?
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The Indian Rebellions
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Which of the following reflects a contradiction in Western imperialism in the 19th c.?
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European reluctance to encourage modernization in their colonies
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The colonization of New Zealand, Australia, & Hawaii during the 19th c. was most similar to the colonization of
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North America in the 17th c.
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In what respect were Ethiopia's & Siam's (Thailand) encounters w/ European imperialism in the long 19th c. similar?
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Both avoided the colonization to which their neighbor's succumbed
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How were the colonial takeovers of India & Indonesia during the long 19th c. similar?
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In both, colonial conquest grew out of earlier interactions w/ European trading firms
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The spread of Christianity in Africa was facilitated by its association w/
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modern education
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Which of the following highlights the relationship b/w imperialism & nationalism?
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Colonies as symbols of "Great Power" status
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How did Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution influence Western imperialism?
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They were used to justify the displacement or destruction of "weak" races
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How did colonial rule alter ways of working in Africa & Asia in the 19th c.?
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More people worked on public projects for free
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Which of the following reflects the effect of colonial rule in Africa on the lives of modern women?
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Women of impoverished families became heads of household in the absence of men
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Which of the following resulted from the employment of colonial subjects in European-owned plantations, mines, construction projects & business?
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Migration of colonial subjects to work sites overseas
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Which of the following characterized the "scramble for Africa" that led to the partition of nearly all of Africa among European colonial powers?
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The peaceful negotiations among the competing European states over "who got what"
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European colonial rule in the 19th c. generally depended upon & reinforced the power of which segments of Asian & African societies?
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The most conservative
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Which of the following was a distinctive feature of European colonial rule in the 19th c.?
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The counting & classification of colonial populations
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Which of the following European colonial views shaped the development of African identity in the 19th c.?
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The notion of Africa divided into tribes
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Which of the following was a consequence of 19th c. European imperialism on the colonial societies of Asia & Africa?
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The integration of Asian & African economies into a global network of exchange centered in Europe
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Which of the following describes the model for social development preferred by Europeans for their colonies?
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Traditional rural societies w/ their est. authorities & social hierarchies
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What was the significance of the opium trade in China in the the 19th c.?
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It reversed the trade imbalance in favor of Britain
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How was the Taiping Uprising different from other peasant rebellions in China?
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Its programs included the abolition of private property
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Which of the following was a consequence of the Taiping Uprising?
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The provincial gentry consolidated their power at the expense of the central state
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Which of the following reflects the goal of the policies introduced by the Chinese state in the 1860's & 1870's to address the problems facing China?
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To restore free trade & est. diplomatic relations w/ European states
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Which of the following characterized the goal of the Tanzimat reforms initiated by the Ottoman leadership in the mid-19th c.?
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To est. the economic, social, & legal foundation for a strong centralized state
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Which of the following contributed to China's problems in the 19th c.?
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The state's failure to maintain flood control & public security
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Islam retained a hold on its civilization in the 20th c. more firmly than Confucianism did in China b/c Islamic civilization
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had many independent centers
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Which of the following was an anti-foreign movement that erupted in northern China at the turn of the 20th c. & seriously weakened the Qing dynasty?
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The Boxer Uprising
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What was a result of the reform program launched by the Japanese leadership int he late 19th c.?
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A dramatic transformation of the social structure of Japan
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What did the Young Turks advocate?
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A militantly secular Turkish national state
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Which of the following characterizes Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan & Korea in the late 19th c. & early 20th c.?
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Japanese colonialism matched or exceeded the brutality of European colonialism
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Which of the following was a target for attack in the new nationalism that emerged in China at the turn of the 20th c.?
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The Qing dynasty
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What could countries w/ a sphere of influence in China do w/in their respective spheres?
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Build railroads
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Which of the following contributed to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th c.?
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Nationalist-inspired independence movements in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, & Romania
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In what respect were Qing China & the Ottoman Empire similar in the 19th c.?
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Both were semi-colonies w/in the informal empires of Europe
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How did Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 affect the Ottoman Empire?
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The Ottoman Empire lost Egypt as a province
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Which of the following was a goal of the Young Ottomans?
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The est. of a European-style democratic, constitutional regime
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In the 19th c., which group in the Ottoman Empire advocated a program of radical secularization & modernization along European lines?
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The strengthening of the ulama & Janissaries
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The many rules & regulations issued by the Tokugawa shogunate reflect its goal to
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freeze Japanese society in the interest of stability
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Which of the following developments during the Tokugawa era provided a solid foundation for Japan's industrial growth in the late 19th c.?
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The urbanization of Japanese society
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Which of the following reflects how Japanese society was changing during the Tokugawa era?
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The participation of samurai in commerce
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What did the Unite States expect to gain by sending a naval fleet to Japan in 1853?
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The opening of Japanese ports for trade
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How did the leadership that emerged after the Meiji restoration in Japan respond to the threat of Western imperialism?
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They used Western models to transform Japan
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In what way was Japan in a better position than China or the Ottoman Empire in its encounter w/ Western imperialism?
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Japan was of less interest to the Western powers
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Which of the following reflects the combination of foreign & Japanese elements characteristic of Meiji reforms in the late 19th c.?
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The Meiji constitution
