APWH Industrial Revolution – Flashcards
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Abolition of Slavery
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All South American countries abolished slavery by 1880. In Britian it was because a change in economic interest, and resistance from the enslaved people.
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Adam Smith
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Scottish philosopher; Economy depends on demand of people.
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Canals
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an artificial waterway used to direct water (usually from a river or lake) to a certain area (city, town, etc.)
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Capitalism
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an economic system based on private ownership of capital, companies choices, goal is to make profit to reinvest in company
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Combustion engine
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oil burning, replaced steam engine, used in transportation
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communism
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Everyone is equal, perfect justice
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consumer markets
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The markets for products and services purchased by individuals or households to satisfy their specific needs.
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convict labor
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Public service for criminals which displayed disciplinary methods and created living and working conditions reminiscent of slavery where prisoners were housed and treated like animals with a high mortality rate.
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dependency theory
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Everyone/ Everything depends on someone or something
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Edmund Burke
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father of modern conservatism. noted for his emphasis on tradition
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Emancipation of Serfdom
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This happened in Russia ,1861 (brought about by the tsar at the time, Alexander II
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Export economy
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a type of economy in which it's goods are produced mainly for export rather than for domestic use
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factory system
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a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building, "Putting out system"
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fossil fuels
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a nonrenewable energy resource that forms in the Earth's crust for millions of years, coal, oil, natural gas.
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global division of power
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Shift of powers from countries to companies
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Immigration
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migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there). Jews went to USA, Australia, Argentina. Irish went to USA or Britain.
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Industrial Revolution
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The change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850.
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Industrialization
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the process of developing machine production of goods
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John Stuart Mill
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believed in laissez-faire but believed government should work for the well being of all
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Karl Marx
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German journalist and philosopher. He is known for two books: The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (Vols. I-III, 1867-1894).
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Laissez Faire
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the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
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Marxism
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Willing to respect/ accept other opinions, "open minded"
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Mass Production
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the production of large quantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line
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meiji restoration
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Political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, and set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. 1866-1869.
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Middle class
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A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers
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private property
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property owned by individuals or companies, not by the government or the people as a whole
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professionalization
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The extent to which a firm meets or exceeds the standard business practices for its industry.
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proletariat
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the industrial working class
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public education
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As industry grew, America needed an educated workforce so public schools were created.
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Second Industrial Revolution
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Steep growth in industry and the production of steel, petrolium, electric power, and the machinery to produce other goods
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Social Impacts of Industrial Revolution
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Modernization, Family life changed
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Socialism
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An economic system based on state ownership of capital
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specialization of labor
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Focusing work effort on a particular product or a single task
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steam power
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steam-engines burned coal to to boil water and create steam, which drove mechanical devices that performed work.
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sugar plantations
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Sugar plantations were a major economic thing in South America and Africa requiring a large amount of Slavery. The model for using these with slaves was established by the Portuguese.
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Trans- Siberian Railroad
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Constructed in 1870s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; completed by the end of the 1880s; brought Russia into a more active Asian role.
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Unions
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groups of workers who unite to improve conditions for themselves (higher wages, safer working conditions)
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Urbanization
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Change from rural to urban lifestyle, the growth of cities
