APUSH Vocab Chapter 6 – Flashcards
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Bimetallism
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the idea that money should be back by both gold and silver
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Black Friday
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Jim Fisk and Jay Gould - 1869 failed attempt to "corner" gold market by buying gold cheap and selling for a profit
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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1882 and renewed 1892 - suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years
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Civil Rights Cases
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1883 Civil Rights Act of 1873 was unconstitutional - 14th Amendment only applies to states not discrimination by private individuals
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Civil Rights Act
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1875 law based on the 14th Amendment equal protection clause - the act banned segregation in public transportation and public places
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Compromise of 1877
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End of Reconstruction - southerners agreed to give presidential election to Rutherford Hayes (a Republican) in return for removal of federal troops from southern states and federal aid for internal improvements
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Credit Mobilier
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1872 during Grant's presidency - scandal involving RR construction company which gave shares of stock to congressmen in return for favors such as money and land grants
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Crime of '73
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1873 Congress drops the coinage of silver dollars - hurts farmers, debtors and silver miners
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Cruikshank v. U.S.
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Murders of black voters committed in connection with elections did not violate 14th amendment because there was no state action
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Drake's Folly
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1859 discovery of oil well in PA
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Exodusters
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1870s-80s African Americans leave the south and move to Kansas for a better life - led by Singleton
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Golden Spike
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1869 completion of Transcontinental RR in Utah
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Graft
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Bribing government officials for political or economic favors
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Grandfather clauses
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State laws which exempted white voters from poll taxes and literacy tests which disenfranchised African Americans
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Grantism
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Political scandals during Grant's presidency including Credit Mobilier, Black Friday, Whiskey Ring
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Homestead Act
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1863 - 160 acres to men, unmarried women over age 21, and to immigrants who intended to be citizens - had to live on land and improve land
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Hydraulic mining
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High-pressure jets of water to wash away earth in order to extract gold
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Inflation / deflation
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Increase of prices which can be caused by increasing money supply / decrease of prices which can be caused by not enough money
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Jim Crow Laws
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Southern state laws which mandated segregation of races in all public facilities = segregation de jure
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Literacy tests
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State law requiring voters to pass a literacy test - used to disenfranchise black male voters
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McKinley Tariff Act
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1890 raised protective tariffs to average of 50% - highest since Tariff of Abominations in 1828
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New South
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South opens to industrialization and Northern investment after Civil War but still lags far behind rest of country - textile mills especially expand south because of cheap labor
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Pendleton Act
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1883 replaced spoils aka patronage system with civil service and competitive exams
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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1896 Supreme Court sanctions Jim Crow laws and segregation as long as equal = "separate but equal is constitutionally permissible" - later overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954
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Political Machine / Boss System
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Urban politics controlled by hierarchical political party organization - boss at top - goal to win elections and gain political favors
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Poll taxes
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State law requiring people to pay a tax in order to vote - used to disenfranchise black male voters since they were too poor to pay
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Reese v. U.S.
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No 15th Amendment violation for preventing black voter from voting based on fact he failed to pay poll tax - 15th Amendment does not confer right to vote, only right to be free of discrimination in voting
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Resumption Act
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1875 - federal government withdrew all greenbacks aka fiat paper money which had been issued during Civil War and redeemed them in gold at face value
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Spoils system / patronage
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Victorious political party rewards party supporters with government jobs and other favors - replaced by Pendleton Act in 1883
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Tammany Hall
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Aka Tweed Ring = political machine in Chicago
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Whiskey Ring
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From 1865 to 1875 - tax on whiskey to pay costs of war - whiskey businesses bribed federal tax agents to avoid payment of tax
