APUSH Unit 9 Terms – Flashcards
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Big Stick Diplomacy
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slogan used to describe Theodore Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, deep forethought but be prepared for large action war wise
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Dollar Diplomacy
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(Particularly under Taft) described US Policy to further economic power through loans made to foreign countries
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Roosevelt Corollary
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addendum to the Monroe Doctrine, asserted right of the US to intervene and stabilize economic affairs in Central America if they could not pay off their international debts
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Panama Canal Acquisition/Columbia
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Supported Pa in their revolt against Colombia and quickly gained all rights to the Panama Canal
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Venezuela, Dominican Republic
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Could not pay off their debts, were supported through the Roosevelt Corollary
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Russo-Japanese War
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Conflict between Russia and Japan over territories, establishes Japan as a world power and opens up Asian countries to trade
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Gentleman's Agreement
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informal agreement between Japan and the US that US would not impose immigration restrictions on students but that Japan would not endorse immigration to the states
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Root-Takhira Agreement
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Established territory checks between the two nations
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Great White Fleet
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Name of US ship fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe, demonstrated growing naval power for the US
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Moral Diplomacy
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Policy put into place by Wilson- US would only support democratic Latin American countries
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Mexican Invasion
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Wilson acknowledges Carranza's government, not Villa's and results in Villa invading the US and executing Americans as payback.
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John Pershing
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lead american expeditionary forces in WWI, regarded as mentor for all generals, lead many in search for Villa
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Carranza and Pancho Villa
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Rebels in Mexico that struggled over their intertwining ideologies. Lead to Mexican Invasion by the second.
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Neutrality in WWI
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U.S. took this stance, declared by Wilson, in the name of preserving relationships with all countries involved. Ultimately it was shaded by our economic involvement with some but not all of these countries.
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Lusitania, Sussex, and Arabic
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submarine warfare, German officials believed that "neutrality" was a cover to transport weapons, destroyed these three ships, killing Americans. Wilson threatens "strict accountability"
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Madero
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Briefly held the presidency of Mexico before being overthrown by Huerto.
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Huerta
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Strict militaristic president of Mexico. Overthrown by Villa after conflicts with the Wilson and the US.
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hyphenated americans
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Ex. Irish-american, polish-american Wanted a mix of the two cultures. Chose to assimilate but sought cultural identity.
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National Security League
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supported Americanization, strong military, meritocracy, universal conscription, government regulation of economy to enhance national preparedness
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Zimmerman Notes/telegram
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Telegram to Mexica from Germany, proposing that Mexico join Powers and in return would regain their now US owned lands (Texas, New Mexico); exposed and roused nationalist anger
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War Industries Board
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Lead by Bernard Baruch, set production priorities and established centralized control over raw materials and prices
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National War Labor Board
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During the war finally granted workers wage increases and eight hour days, union membership increases
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Committee on Public Information
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Independent agency, used propaganda to increase enthusiasm for the war
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Food Administration
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Encouraged households to eat less meat and bread as it needed to be shipped to soldiers
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Liberty Bond efforts, increased personal income, corporate taxes, and excise tax on luxuries
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To finance WWI...
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Randolph Bourne
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anti-war Progressive writer, argued US was using democracy to justify the war, believed immigrants couldn't truly assimilate
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African Americans in WWI
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Received jobs and migrated north
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Women in WWI
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entered workforce and contributed to war effort as volunteers
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Espionage and Sedition Acts
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Oppressed freedom of speech during war times, kept citizens from speaking out negatively about the US government
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Schenk v. US
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Upheld the Espionage Act, man sentenced to prison after attempting to deter people from the draft
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Debs v. US
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Upheld the Espionage Act, man sentenced to prison after giving a negative war speech, defense used his right to freedom of speech
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Abrams v. US
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Upheld the Espionage Act, released pamphlets speaking out against US involvement in Russia
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Irreconcilables WAY con, Reservationists tentatively pro, Democrats pro, Republicans con
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Opinions on the International League
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Treaty of Versailles
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Wilson wanted to defend 14 points, Republicans were criticized for working with Dems on the treaty
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free seas, end to secret treaties, reducing arms, no more colonial claims, independence of small nations, League of Nations
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14 points GO!
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Reparations and War Guilt Clause
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Germany disarmed, stripped of colonies in Asian and Africa, admit guilt, accept French occupation of Rhineland, pay money to UK and France
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League of Nations
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Called on each member to stand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of other nations
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Henry Cabot Lodge
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disliked treaty's provisions for joint military actions against aggressors, even though such action was voluntary
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1920 Election
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Harding wins-- Wilson had become unpopular taking the Dem. party down with him, James Cox (pro league), Harding (nay league)
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Russian Revolution
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Tsar abdicated throne, Provisional Government took power, overthrown by Bolsheviks
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Renounced aggressive warfare and immediate use of weapons
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Washington Conference
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Avoid putting too much effort into building navy warships
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Dawes Plan
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US funded Germany in its reparation payments to the other countries
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Bolsheviks
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Mostly Latvian serfs, faction of Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
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Lenin
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leader of the Bolsheviks, led revolution and worked to create a socialist economic system
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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Treaty between Russia and the central powers, marked Russia's exit from WWI
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Mitchell Palmer
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Attorney General, ordered mass arrests of socialists, anarchists and labor agitators
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Red Scare
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Palmer warned of huge riots, never occurred and lost credibility
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Scope's Trial
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Represented by Clarrence Darro and WJ Bryan, Teacher attempted to teach evolution in school, case lost and Bryan seen as foolish
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Immigration Quota System
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Based on 1910 census but then pushed to 1890 to let in even less immigrants
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KKK
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new group founded in Midwest and South. Directed hostilities towards different races and gained most support from lower middle class white protestants
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Sacco-Vanzetti
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Italian immigrants and anarchists accused of murder on questionable evidence. Convicted because of race?
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Hoover
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Secretary of commerce to Harding and coolidge, promised end to poverty and to improve living
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Farmers after WWI
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Suddenly producing too much and selling too little
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18th Amendment
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Wartime concerns to conserve grain and maintain sober workforce, Woman's Christian Temperance Movement
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19th Amendment
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Gave women the right to vote, heavily disliked by Wilson
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Harlem Renaissance
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Black cultural movement centered around pride in NYC.
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Great Migration
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Drastic push of African Americans moving from the South to the North to escape racism and seek job opportunities.
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NAWSA
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National American Woman Suffrage Association- main organization that forced the passage of women's suffrage
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Alice Stokes Paul
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American suffragette that lead the National Women's Party
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Silcent Cal and Business of America
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classic republican, high tariffs, low income tax
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Albert Fall, Harry Daugherty
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Tea Pot Dome Scandal- sold oil leases, used position to make money, in Hardings administration
