question

Richard Nixon

answer

had a reputation for hard-line anticommunism and rough campaign tactics

question

John F. Kennedy was careful to conceal from the public during the 1960 campaign his:

answer

personal health

question

The result of the 1960 election:

answer

was likely determined by African American votes in a few southern states

question

President Kennedy's cabinet was dominated by:

answer

men with new ideas and good minds

question

Kennedy's inauguration is best remembered for:

answer

his elegant and inspiring rhetoric

question

Early in his presidency, Kennedy accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

the passage of a large tax cut

question

In its controversial Miranda v. Arizona decision, the Warren Court:

answer

required that an accused person be informed of certain basic rights

question

The protest tactic initiated by black students in Greensboro, North Carolina, was:

answer

the sit-in

question

Violence erupted in 1962 when James Meredith attempted to integrate:

answer

the University of Mississippi

question

In his Letter from Birmingham City Jail, Martin Luther King: In his Letter from Birmingham City Jail, Martin Luther King:

answer

declared his willingness to break unjust laws

question

The person most persuasive in getting President Kennedy to endorse civil rights would have been

answer

his brother, Robert

question

The city that described itself as "too busy to hate" was:

answer

Atlanta

question

The Bay of Pigs invasion

answer

was thoroughly bungled by the CIA

question

In 1961, Khrushchev escalated tensions over Berlin by:

answer

erecting the Berlin Wall

question

The major purpose of the Soviet missiles placed in Cuba was to

answer

deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba

question

The Cuban missile crisis led to all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

a U.S.-Soviet agreement to scrap nuclear weapons

question

Tensions escalated in Southeast Asia by 1961 with increasing Communist influence in:

answer

Laos

question

In South Vietnam in the early 1960s:

answer

Kennedy was increasing the number of American military advisers

question

All of the following are true of the Kennedy assassination EXCEPT:

answer

the Warren Commission concluded there may have been multiple gunmen

question

Kennedy's successor as president, Lyndon Johnson:

answer

genuinely cared about the disadvantaged in society

question

President Johnson's first priority on the domestic front was to:

answer

get Kennedy's legislative program through Congress

question

The purpose of Kennedy's proposed tax cut was to:

answer

help the economy by stimulating consumer spending

question

Michael Harrington's book, The Other America, influenced President Johnson to declare war on:

answer

poverty

question

President Johnson labeled his overall program of domestic reform the:

answer

Great Society

question

In the 1964 campaign, Republican nominee Barry Goldwater:

answer

offered a sharply conservative alternative to Johnson's policies

question

In the 1964 election:

answer

Republicans continued to make gains in the Deep South

question

Johnson's Medicare program provided medical benefits to:

answer

those over age sixty-five

question

Changes in immigration law in 1965:

answer

removed quotas based upon national origin

question

In retrospect, Johnson's war on poverty:

answer

generated middle-class resentment that benefited the Republicans

question

The Voting Rights Act of 1965:

answer

dramatically expanded black votes in the South

question

Beginning with Watts, the major race riots of 1965 and 1966:

answer

occurred largely outside the South

question

Malcolm X:

answer

said blacks should be proud of their African heritage

question

By the mid-1960s, Martin Luther King had decided to:

answer

emphasize the need for economic uplift for the black urban poor

question

One of Johnson's major goals in Vietnam was to:

answer

avoid losing it to communism

question

The Tonkin Gulf resolution:

answer

was used by Johnson as a substitute for a declaration of war

question

All of the following became critical of Johnson's Vietnam policy EXCEPT:

answer

General William Westmoreland

question

In early 1968, increasing opposition to the war within his own party:

answer

ultimately forced Johnson out of the presidential race

question

On June 5, 1968, Sirhan Sirhan shot and killed:

answer

Robert Kennedy

question

The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago:

answer

resulted in massive rioting in the streets

question

All of the following are true of the 1968 presidential election EXCEPT:

answer

Hubert Humphrey lost because he refused to alter Johnson's Vietnam policies

question

By 1960-1961, a number of students had become inspired to become social reform activists by:

answer

the example of the civil rights movement

question

In 1964, the University of California at Berkeley:

answer

was the site of a free-speech movement

question

Young men were able to evade service in Vietnam by all of the following methods EXCEPT:

answer

joining VISTA or the Peace Corps

question

At Columbia University in 1968:

answer

a student strike shut down the campus

question

By 1971, the New Left:

answer

had split into factions and largely self-destructed

question

The youths of the counterculture:

answer

were the direct descendants of the Beats of the 1950s

question

The hippie movement ultimately:

answer

succumbed to commercialism

question

Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique:

answer

explained the unhappiness of so many middle-class women

question

The feminist movement suffered a setback with the:

answer

failure of the states to ratify the equal-rights amendment

question

Use of the term Chicano indicated:

answer

growing political assertiveness among Mexican Americans

question

All of the following are true of Cesar Chavez EXCEPT that he:

answer

failed to secure collective bargaining rights for farmworkers

question

By 2006, Hispanics:

answer

had become the country's largest minority

question

Indian activists ultimately discovered that their most effective tactic for bringing about change was:

answer

taking legal action to force the government to adhere to old treaties

question

In its earliest years, the gay rights movement especially emphasized:

answer

the importance of gays "coming out"

question

The "silent majority":

answer

supported politicians like Richard Nixon and George Wallace

question

In regard to Vietnam policy, Nixon:

answer

insisted that he would pursue "peace with honor"

question

In April 1970, Nixon extended the war when he sent troops into:

answer

Cambodia

question

Shocking events at Kent State University involved:

answer

the killing of four students by the National Guard

question

The Pentagon Papers:

answer

revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy

question

All of the following were consequences of the Vietnam War EXCEPT:

answer

Americans were more determined than ever to spread democracy

question

The figure who most influenced Nixon's foreign policy was:

answer

Henry Kissinger

question

Nixon's "southern strategy" involved winning southern support by:

answer

slowing down progress on civil rights

question

Economists coined the term stagflation in the early 1970s to describe:

answer

unemployment and inflation rising simultaneously

question

To punish the United States for supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC):

answer

cut off oil shipments to the United States

question

In 1971, in an effort to curb inflation, President Nixon:

answer

imposed a freeze on wages and prices

question

The energy crisis of the early 1970s increased support for:

answer

environmentalism

question

The Nixon Doctrine implied a foreign policy that was shaped more by:

answer

realism and American interests

question

Nixon's new relationship with China was made possible by:

answer

China's growing fear of the Soviet Union

question

Nixon's trip to the Soviet Union resulted in:

answer

U.S. wheat sales to the Soviets

question

As the 1972 election approached, the biggest threat to Nixon's reelection seemed to be:

answer

George Wallace's potential to drain away conservative votes from the Republicans

question

The burglars arrested at the Watergate apartment complex:

answer

had connections to the CIA and the Nixon campaign

question

Essential to breaking the Watergate case was the testimony before the Ervin committee of White House legal counsel:

answer

John Dean

question

The major motivation behind the Saturday Night Massacre was Nixon's desire to:

answer

avoid handing over the key White House tapes

question

Gerald Ford suffered terrible political damage when he:

answer

pardoned Nixon

question

A sad legacy of Watergate was:

answer

lasting damage to the image of the presidency

question

During his presidency, Gerald Ford achieved a record for:

answer

vetoes

question

Jimmy Carter's victory in the 1976 election was aided by all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

a huge voter turnout

question

On the domestic front, Carter's most notable shortcoming was:

answer

failing to deal adequately with an energy crisis

question

Carter's management of the economy resulted in:

answer

unacceptably high rates of inflation

question

A crisis in Iran involved all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

the takeover of Iran's government by hard-line Communists

question

Too many voters in 1980, Ronald Reagan, in contrast to Jimmy Carter, seemed:

answer

sunny and optimistic

question

Reagan's experience as an actor:

answer

was invaluable in a television age

question

A huge demographic factor behind Reagan's electoral success was:

answer

population growth in the South and the West

question

The leader of the Moral Majority was:

answer

Jerry Falwell

question

The religious right fervently supported Reagan because he:

answer

supported its conservative social values

question

The anti-feminist women led by Phyllis Schlafly:

answer

helped defeat the equal-rights amendment

question

As he campaigned for president in 1980, Reagan promised to restore prosperity by:

answer

cutting taxes

question

One major inspiration for Reagan's economic approach was:

answer

the Republican tax-reduction program of the 1920s

question

Early in Reagan's presidency, all of the following were increasing EXCEPT:

answer

tax revenues

question

During the 1980s, unions:

answer

suffered steady declines in membership

question

Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative:

answer

forced the Soviets to spend extensively to keep pace

question

In Central America, the Reagan administration was seriously concerned that Communist-backed revolutionaries might take over in:

answer

El Salvador

question

Reagan's hope for Nicaragua was that the Sandinistas would:

answer

be overthrown by the Contras

question

By the early 1980s, Lebanon:

answer

became an anarchic battleground for warring factions

question

When Islamic fanatics bombed and killed 241 U.S. Marines in Lebanon in 1983, Reagan:

answer

soon pulled out the remaining Marines

question

One major factor working in Reagan's favor in his 1984 reelection bid was:

answer

a robustly growing economy

question

Democratic candidate Walter Mondale most seriously damaged his presidential prospects when he:

answer

promised to raise taxes

question

Revelations of the Iran-Contra affair indicated that Reagan had violated his pledge to never:

answer

negotiate with terrorists

question

The marine lieutenant colonel at the center of Iran-Contra affair, Oliver North, was using profits from the sale of arms to Iran to:

answer

finance the Nicaraguan Contras

question

The Tower Commission report blamed much of the Iran-Contra scandal on:

answer

Reagan's detached and lax management style

question

The collapse of stock prices that occurred on "Black Monday" (October 19, 1987):

answer

in percentage terms, was the worst in American history

question

A high percentage of the homeless people of the 1980s were:

answer

mentally ill

question

Many of those who contracted AIDS in the early and mid-1980s:

answer

soon died

question

The Reagan administration's initial response to AIDS was to:

answer

largely ignore it as a "gay" disease

question

In late 1987, the United States and the Soviets signed a treaty to eliminate:

answer

intermediate-range nuclear missiles

question

A change in the cold war climate was indicated in 1988 when the Soviets began withdrawing their troops from:

answer

Afghanistan

question

By the end of his presidency, Reagan had:

answer

restored American confidence

question

By the time of his nomination for the presidency in 1988, George H. W. Bush had served as all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

secretary of the Treasury

question

Bush helped secure his victory in 1988 by:

answer

portraying the Democrat, Dukakis, as a liberal

question

As a result of the massive national debt:

answer

Bush had to recommend tax increases

question

One of President Bush's major domestic priorities became his war on:

answer

drugs

question

A democracy movement in China:

answer

was brutally crushed by the government

question

In late 1989, all the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe toppled bloodlessly EXCEPT that of:

answer

Romania

question

The fall of the Berlin Wall was soon followed by:

answer

Germany's reunification

question

By the fall of 1991, the most popular Soviet politician was:

answer

Boris Yeltsin

question

By the end of 1991, the Soviet Union:

answer

had fallen apart

question

The Panamanian government of Manuel Noriega was at odds with the Bush administration because of its:

answer

involvement in the drug trade

question

Bush ultimately dealt with Noriega by:

answer

ordering a military invasion to arrest him

question

Opposing Iraq in the Gulf War was:

answer

a coalition of over thirty nations

question

The 1991 Persian Gulf War resulted in:

answer

Saddam Hussein remaining in power

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