question

At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant

answer

accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens

question

As a result of the Civil War

answer

waste, extravagance, speculation, and graft reduced the moral stature of the Republic.

question

In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters

answer

of the "treason" of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War

question

Which one of the following is least related to the other three? a. Jim Fisk b. "Black Friday" c. Jay Gould d. "Ohio Idea" e. Wall Street gold market

answer

D

question

One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was

answer

the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast.

question

The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved

answer

railroad construction kickbacks.

question

In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of Crédit Mobilizer

answer

distributed shares of the company's valuable stock to key congressmen.

question

President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because

answer

his opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency.

question

Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associated. A. Roscoe Conkling 1. "Half-Breeds" B. James Blaine 2. Stalwarts C. Horace Greeley 3. Regular Republicans D. Ulysses Grant 4. Liberal Republicans

answer

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

question

One cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was

answer

the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear

question

As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggested

answer

inflationary policies

question

One result of Republican "hard money" policies was

answer

the formation of the Greenback Labor party

question

Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usually

answer

party loyalists

question

During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans

answer

had few significant economic differences.

question

The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s

answer

aroused great interest among voters.

question

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was

answer

sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties

question

During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was

answer

political patronage

question

"Spoilsmen" was the label attached to those who

answer

expected government jobs from their party's elected officeholders

question

The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on

answer

the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.

question

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

answer

the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

question

The sequence of presidential terms of the "forgettable presidents" of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland's two nonconsecutive terms) was

answer

Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland.

question

At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans with

answer

poll taxes (made illegal in federal elections via the 24th amendment in 1964, and in state elections subsequent to the via supreme court ruling.) literacy tests (made illegal by the voting rights act of 1965), grandfather clauses (made illegal by supreme court decision in 1915), and economic intimidation

question

The legal codes that established the system of segregation were

answer

called Jim Crow laws.

question

The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes opened with

answer

scenes of class warfare

question

The railroad of 1877 started when

answer

the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent.

question

Labor unrest during the Hayes administration stemmed from

answer

the collapse of the steel industry.

question

Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in

answer

the use of federal troops during strikes

question

In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress

answer

passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.

question

Which of the following internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States?

answer

boxer rebellion

question

One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the United States was to

answer

dig for gold

question

The Chinese word tong means

answer

meeting hall

question

Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was

answer

James Garfield

question

President James A. Garfield was assassinated

answer

by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.

question

The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to

answer

take a competitive examination

question

With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from

answer

big corporations

question

The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for

answer

its personal attacks on the two candidates.

question

Which one of the following Gilded Age presidents had a different party affiliation from the other four?

answer

Grover Cleveland

question

When he was president, Grover Cleveland's hands-off approach to government gained the support of

answer

businesspeople

question

In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant

answer

owed his victory to the votes of former slaves.

question

On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland

answer

advocated a lower rate

question

The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was

answer

tariff policy

question

In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was

answer

Congress.

question

The "Billion-Dollar Congress" quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by

answer

expanding pensions for Civil War veterans.

question

Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892?

answer

d. government guarantees of "parity prices" for farmers

question

The four states completely carried by the Populists in the election of 1892 were

answer

Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada.

question

The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended in

answer

a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South.

question

The political developments of the l890s were largely shaped by

answer

the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time.

question

Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader

answer

William Jennings Bryan.

question

President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of

answer

borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan's banking syndicate.

question

The greatest political beneficiary of the backlash against President Cleveland in the Congressional elections of 1894 were

answer

the Republicans.

question

When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was

answer

impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help

question

During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons

answer

built their railroads with government assistance

question

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

answer

land grants.

question

Match each railroad company below with the correct entrepreneur. A. James J. Hill 1. Central Pacific B. Cornelius Vanderbilt 2. New York Central C. Leland Stanford 3. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 4. Great Norther

answer

A-4, B-2, C-1

question

The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the

answer

Great Northern.

question

One by-product of the development of the railroads was

answer

the movement of people to cities.

question

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was

answer

the railroad network.

question

The United States changed to standard time zones when

answer

the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.

question

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

answer

pools.

question

Early railroad owners formed "pools" in order to

answer

...

question

Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by

answer

...

question

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it

answer

represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.

question

After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the United States

answer

...

question

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

answer

elimination of as much competition as possible.

question

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie 1. interlocking directorate B. John D. Rockefeller 2. trust C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. vertical integration 4. pool

answer

A-3, B-2, C-1

question

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie 1. steel B. John D. Rockefeller 2. oil C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. tobacco D. James Duke 4. banking

answer

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

question

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

answer

Henry Bessemer.

question

J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)

answer

interlocking dictorate

question

America's first billion-dollar corporation was

answer

United States Steel.

question

The first major product of the oil industry was

answer

kerosene

question

The oil industry became a huge business

answer

using federal agents to break his competitors

question

John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve his domination of the oil industry except

answer

using federal agents to break his competitors

question

The "gospel of wealth," which associated godliness with riches,

answer

held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility for their God-given money.

question

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to

answer

avoid corporate regulation by the states.

question

The _______________ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.

answer

fourteenth

question

During the age of industrialization, the South

answer

remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

question

The South's major attraction for potential investors was

answer

cheap labor

question

In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor especially attracted _______________ manufacturing to the "new South."

answer

textile

question

Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills as

answer

the only steady jobs and wages available.

question

One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was

answer

the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock.

question

The group most affected by the new industrial age was

answer

women

question

Despite generally rising wages in the late nineteenth century, industrial workers were extremely vulnerable to all of the following except

answer

new educational requirements for jobs

question

The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented

answer

a romantic ideal of the independent and athletic "new woman."

question

Most women workers of the 1890s worked for

answer

economic necessity.

question

Which one of the following is least like the other three?

answer

closed shop

question

Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor

answer

corporations.

question

Match each labor organization below with the correct description. A. National Labor Union 1. the "one big union" that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration B. Knights of Labor 2. a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s C. American Federation of Labor 3. an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions

answer

A-2, B-1, C-3

question

In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won

answer

an eight-hour day for government workers

question

One group barred from membership in the Knights of Labor was

answer

Chinese

question

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when

answer

labor would own and operate businesses and industries.

question

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies

answer

by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers.

question

One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was its

answer

lack of class consciousness

question

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the

answer

American Federation of Labor

question

By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless,

answer

the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.

question

By 1900, organized labor in America

answer

had begun to develop a more positive image with the public.

question

The people who found fault with the "captains of industry" mostly argued that these men

answer

built their corporate wealth and power by exploiting workers.

question

Even historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism generally concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because

answer

America has greater social mobility than Europe has.

question

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except

answer

immigration restrictions.

question

The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was

answer

a trend that affected Europe as well.

question

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was

answer

the availability of industrial jobs

question

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

answer

Interstate Commerce Commission.

question

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880

answer

were culturally different from previous immigrants.

question

Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape

answer

the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

question

A "bird of passage" was an immigrant who

answer

came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe

question

Most New Immigrants

answer

tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America.

question

In the new urban environment, most liberal Protestants

answer

rejected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modern culture.

question

Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except

answer

instruction in socialism.

question

The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was

answer

the big city.

question

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except

answer

opposed to factory labor

question

The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New Immigration was

answer

Roman Catholics.

question

Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was

answer

economic independence

question

As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington

answer

promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation.

question

Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work: A. Lewis Wallace 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work B. Horatio Alger 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures C. Henry James 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism D. William Dean Howells 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women.

answer

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

question

American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the

answer

because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

question

Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds?

answer

Henry Adams.

question

In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except

answer

more children being born out of wedlock.

question

In the course of the late nineteenth century,

answer

family size gradually declined.

question

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage

answer

argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world.

question

The American Protective Association

answer

supported immigration restrictions.

question

The new, research-oriented modern American university tended to

answer

de-emphasize religious and moral instruction in favor of pratical subjects and professional specialization.

question

The "pragmatists" were a school of American philosophers who emphasized

answer

the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and value of ideas that solved problems.

question

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system

answer

because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

question

The post-Civil War era witnessed

answer

an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws.

question

That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of

answer

W. E. B. Du Bois.

question

The Morrill Act of 1862

answer

granted public lands to states to support higher education.

question

Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois

answer

demanded complete equality for African Americans.

question

In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women

answer

became much more common.

question

Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era?

answer

Harvard University

question

During the industrial revolution, life expectancy

answer

measurably increased

question

The public library movement across America was greatly aided by the generous financial support from

answer

Andrew Carnegie.

question

American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by

answer

printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal.

question

Henry George believed that the root of social inequality and social injustice lay in

answer

landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values.

question

Henry George argued that the windfall real estate profits caused by rising land prices should be

answer

taxed at a 100 percent rate by the government.

question

General Lewis Wallace's book Ben Hur

answer

defended Christianity against Darwinism.

question

135. Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. A. Lewis Wallace 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work B. Horatio Alger 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures C. Henry James 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism D. William Dean Howells 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women.

answer

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

question

American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the

answer

materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society.

question

Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds?

answer

Henry Adams.

question

In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except

answer

more children being born out of wedlock.

question

In the course of the late nineteenth century,

answer

family size gradually declined.

question

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage

answer

argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world.

question

One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the

answer

stresses of urban life.

question

The National American Woman Suffrage Association

answer

limited its membership to whites.

question

The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of

answer

middle class women.

question

The term Richardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained to

answer

architecture

question

During industrialization, Americans increasingly

answer

shared a common and standardized popular culture.

question

Which of the following sports was not developed in the decades following the Civil War?

answer

baseball

question

In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they

answer

received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land.

question

In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War, the

answer

there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides.

question

The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to

answer

rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma.

question

Match each Indian chief below with his tribe. A. Chief Joseph 1. Apache B. Sitting Bull 2. Cheyenne C. Geronimo 3. Nez Percé 4. Sioux

answer

A-3, B-4, C-1

question

As a result of the complete defeat of Captain William Fetterman's command in 1866

answer

the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their lands.

question

The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender

answer

by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.

question

The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender

answer

gold was discovered on their reservation.

question

The buffalo were nearly exterminated

answer

through wholesale butchery by whites.

question

A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by

answer

Helen Hunt Jackson.

question

The nineteenth century humanitarians who advocated "kind" treatment of the Indians

answer

had no more respect for traditional Indian culture than those who sought to exterminate them.

question

To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except

answer

outlaw the sacred Sun Dance.

question

The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the

answer

Battle of Wounded Knee.

question

The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian

answer

assimilation.

question

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C) Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life.

answer

A, B, C, D

question

The enormous mineral wealth taken from the mining frontier of the West

answer

helped to finance the Civil War.

question

The mining frontier played a vital role in

answer

attracting the first substantial white population to the West.

question

The bitter conflict between whites and Indians intensified

answer

as the mining frontier expanded.

question

The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were

answer

Abilene, Kansas; Ogalalla, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming.

question

One problem with the Homestead Act was that

answer

160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.

question

The Homestead Act assumed that public land should be administered in such a way as to

answer

promote frontier settlement.

question

The Homestead Act

answer

was a drastic departure from previous government public land policy designed to raise revenue.

question

A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was

answer

the scarcity of water.

question

In the long run, the group that probably did the most to shape the modern West was the

answer

hydraulic engineers.

question

"Sooners" were settlers who "jumped the gun" in order to

answer

claim land in Oklahoma.

question

Among the following, the least likely to migrate to the cattle and farming frontier were

answer

eastern city dwellers.

question

In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible,

answer

Americans were disturbed that the free land of the West was gone.

question

Which of the following provides the least valid support for the theory that the frontier served as a "safety valve" for American social discontent and economic conflict?

answer

Eastern city dwellers headed west to get free homesteads during depressions.

question

Cities like Denver and San Francisco did serve as a major "safety valve" by providing

answer

a home for failed farmers and busted miners.

question

The area of the country in which the federal government has done the most to aid economic and social development is

answer

the West.

question

The real "safety valve" in the late nineteenth century was

answer

the western cities.

question

In the decades after the Civil War, most American farmers

answer

grew a single cash crop.

question

The root cause of the American farmers' problem after 1880 was

answer

overproduction of agricultural goods.

question

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of agricultural goods __________, and the price received for these goods __________.

answer

increased; decreased

question

Late-nineteenth-century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from

answer

a deflated currency.

question

With agricultural production rising dramatically in the post-Civil War years,

answer

tenant farming spread rapidly throughout the Midwest and South.

question

Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they

answer

were not well educated.

question

The first major farmers' organization was the

answer

Patrons of Husbandry.

question

The original purpose of the Grange was to

answer

stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities.

question

In several states, farmers helped to pass the "Granger Laws," which

answer

regulated railroad rates.

question

The Farmers' Alliance was formed to

answer

take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads.

question

The Farmers' Alliance was especially weakened by

answer

the exclusion of black farmers.

question

The Populist Party arose as the direct successor to

answer

the Farmers' Alliance.

question

The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was

answer

James B. Weaver.

question

Which one of the following was not among influential Populist leaders?

answer

Eugene V. Debs

question

In a bid to win labor's support, the Populist Party

answer

opposed injunctions against labor strikes.

question

The Populists

answer

... none of above

question

During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the Populist Party because

answer

the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks.

question

Jacob Coxey and his "army" marched on Washington, D.C., to

answer

demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program.

question

Which one of the following was least sympathetic to workers and farmers hard-pressed by the Depression of 1893?

answer

Richard Olney

question

President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that

answer

Richard Olney

question

Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike: A. Richard Olney 1. Head of the American Railway Union that organized the strike B. Eugene V. Debs 2. Governor of Illinois who sympathized with the striking workers C. George Pullman 3. United States attorney general who brought in federal troops to crush the strike D. John P. Altgeld 4. Owner of the "palace railroad car" company and the company town where the strike began

answer

A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

question

Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode

answer

proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people.

question

The Pullman strike created the first instance of

answer

government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike.

question

The Depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as

answer

a battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.

question

Which of the following was not among the qualifications that helped William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination in 1896?

answer

He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner.

question

Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of government was to

answer

aid business.

question

203. The Democratic party nominee for president in 1896 was __________; the Republicans nominated _______________; and the Populists endorsed _______________.

answer

William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William Jennings Bryan

question

All of the following characteristics describe William Jennings Bryan in 1896 except

answer

he had a brilliant mind.

question

William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he

answer

eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver.

question

In the election of 1896, the major issue became

answer

free and unlimited coinage of silver.

question

One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election was the

answer

huge amount of money raised by Mark Hanna.

question

The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896 presidential election was

answer

fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause.

question

The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that

answer

a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes.

question

The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by

answer

diminishing voter participation in elections.

question

As president, William McKinley can best be described as

answer

cautious and conservative.

question

The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of

answer

an increase in the international gold supply.

question

_____ The battleship Maine was sunk by

answer

an explosion on the ship.

question

_____ The independent republic annexed by the United States during the Spanish-American War, but not acquired as a result of the war

answer

Puerto Rico

question

_____ Either one of the two nations whose boundary dispute in 1895 nearly involved the United States in war.

answer

cuba and philippines

question

In his book Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, the Reverend Josiah Strong advocated American expansion

answer

to spread American religion and values.

question

By the 1890s, the United States was bursting with a new sense of power generated by an increase in

answer

...all of the above.

question

A major factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century was

answer

the need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production.

question

The clash between Germany and America over the Samoan islands eventually resulted in

answer

a colonial division of the islands between Germany and the United States.

question

U. S. naval captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that

answer

control of the sea was the key to world domination.

question

The numerous near-wars and diplomatic crises of the United States in the late 1880s and 1890s demonstrated

answer

the aggressive new national mood.

question

To justify American intervention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Britain, Secretary of State Olney invoked the

answer

Monroe Doctrine.

question

During the boundary dispute between Venezuela and Britain, the United States

answer

threatened war unless Britain backed down and accepted Venezuela's claim.

question

A primary reason that the British submitted their border dispute with Venezuela to arbitration was

answer

that their growing tensions with Germany made Britain reluctant to engage in conflict with the United States.

question

The Venezuela boundary dispute was settled by

answer

arbitration of the Venezuelan and British claims.

question

One reason that the white American "sugar lords" tried to overthrow native Hawaiian rule and annex the islands to the United States was

answer

they feared that Japan might intervene in Hawaii on behalf of abused Japanese imported laborers.

question

Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because

answer

she opposed annexation to the United States and insisted that native Hawaiians should continue to control Hawaii.

question

Which of the following prominent Americans was least enthusiastic about U.S. imperialistic adventures in the 1890s?

answer

Grover Cleveland.

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Before a treaty annexing Hawaii to the United States could be rushed through the U.S. Senate in 1893,

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President Harrison's term expired and anti-imperialist Grover Cleveland became president.

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President Grover Cleveland rejected the effort to annex Hawaii because

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he believed that the native Hawaiians had been wronged and that a majority opposed annexation to the United States.

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In an attempt to persuade Spain to leave Cuba or to encourage the United States to help Cuba to gain its independence, Cuban insurrectos

answer

adopted a scorched-earth policy of burning cane fields and sugar mills.

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Americans favored providing aid to the Cuban revolutionaries for all of the following reasons except

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a belief that Spain's control of Cuba violated the anti-colonial provisions of the Monroe Doctrine.

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The battleship Maine was officially sent to Cuba to

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protect and evacuate American citizens.

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The battleship Maine was sunk by

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an explosion on the ship.

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President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain mainly because the

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American people demanded it.

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The United States declared war on Spain even though the Spanish had already agreed to

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sign an armistice with the Cuban rebels.

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The Teller Amendment

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guaranteed that the United States would uphold the independence of Cuba.

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American military strength during the Spanish-American War came mainly from

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its new steel navy.

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A major weakness of Spain in the Spanish-American War was

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the wretched condition of its navy.

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The Philippine nationalist who led the insurrection against both Spanish rule and the later United States occupation was

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Emilio Aguinaldo.

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When the United States captured the Philippines from Spain,

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Hawaii was annexed by the United States as a key territory in the Pacific.

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The "Rough Riders," organized principally by Teddy Roosevelt,

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were commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood.

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During the Spanish-American War, the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of

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Santiago.

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When the United States invaded Puerto Rico during the Spanish-American War,

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most of the population greeted the invaders as liberating heroes.

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The greatest loss of life for American fighting men during the Spanish-American War resulted from

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sickness in both Cuba and the United States.

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At the time, the most controversial event associated with the Spanish-American War was the

answer

acquisition of the Philippines.

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All of the following became possessions of the United States under the provisions of the Treaty of Paris with Spain except

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Hawaii

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President McKinley justified American acquisition of the Philippines primarily by emphasizing that

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there was no acceptable alternative to their acquisition.

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American imperialists who advocated acquisition of the Philippines especially stressed

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their economic potential for American businessmen seeking trade with China and other Asian nations.

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Anti-imperialists presented all of the following arguments against acquiring the Philippine Islands except that

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the islands were still rightfully Spain's, since they were taken after the armistice had been signed.

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Starting in 1917, many Puerto Ricans came to the mainland United States seeking

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employment.

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On the question of whether American laws applied to the overseas territory acquired in the Spanish-American War, the Supreme Court ruled that

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American laws did not necessarily apply.

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The United States gained a virtual right of intervention in Cuba in the

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Platt Amendment.

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By acquiring the Philippine Islands at the end of the Spanish-American War, the United States

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...all of the above.

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Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) American declaration of war on Spain, (B) sinking of the Maine, (C) passage of the Teller Amendment, (D) passage of the Platt Amendment.

answer

B, A, C, D

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In 1899, guerilla warfare broke out in the Philippines because

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the United States refused to give the Filipino people their independence.

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The Philippine insurrection was finally broken in 1901 when

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Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipino leader, was captured.

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The American war against the Philippine insurrectionists promoting Philippine independence

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resulted in torture and atrocities committed by both sides.

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President McKinley's policy of "benevolent assimilation" in the Philippines

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was not appreciated by the Filipinos.

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When Filipinos first came to the United States, they worked mainly as

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agricultural laborers.

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Many Americans became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China because they

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feared that American missions would be jeopardized and Chinese markets closed to non-Europeans.

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America's initial Open Door policy was essentially an argument to promote

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free trade in China.

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China's Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to

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throw out or kill all foreigners.

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In response to the Boxer Rebellion, the United States

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abandoned its general principles of nonentanglement and noninvolvement in overseas conflict.

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Once the Boxer uprising ended,

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China was spared further partition by foreign powers.

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Teddy Roosevelt received the Republican vice-presidential nomination in 1900 mainly because

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New York party bosses wanted him out of the governorship.

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The extended Open Door policy advocated in Secretary John Hay's second note called on all big powers, including the United States, to

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observe the territorial integrity of China.

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Just before his nomination for vice president on the Republican ticket in 1900, Theodore Roosevelt served as

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governor of New York.

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As a vice-presidential candidate in 1900, Teddy Roosevelt

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imperialism

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As a vice-presidential candidate in 1900, Teddy Roosevelt

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matched William Jennings Bryan's travels in a flamboyant campaign.

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The Republicans won the 1900 election mainly because of

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the prosperity achieved during McKinley's first term.

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Theodore Roosevelt can best be described as

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highly energetic and egotistical.

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As president, Teddy Roosevelt proved

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progressive but willing to compromise.

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Regarding the presidency, Teddy Roosevelt believed that

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the President could take any action not specifically prohibited by the laws and the Consitution.

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Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by

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a desire to improve the defense of the United States.

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The British gave up their opposition to an American-controlled isthmian canal because they

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confronted an unfriendly Europe and were bogged down in the Boer War.

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The alternative route to Panama seriously considered as the location for a canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was

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Nicaragua

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The United States entered the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with __________, the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty with __________, and the Gentlemen's Agreement with __________.

answer

Panama; Britain; Japan

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The United States gained a perpetual lease on the Panama Canal Zone in the

answer

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty.

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The Colombian Senate rejected the treaty with the United States for a canal because

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the United States was not paying the Colombian government enough money.

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Teddy Roosevelt's role in the Panamanian Revolution involved

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using American naval forces to block Colombian troops from crossing the isthmus and crushing the revolt.

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The revolution in Panama began when

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a Chinese civilian and a donkey were killed.

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Teddy Roosevelt wanted an isthmian canal constructed quickly because

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the presidential election of 1904 was approaching.

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During the building of the Panama Canal, all of the following difficulties were encountered except

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guerrilla warfare waged by Panamanian rebels against the United States.

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Theodore Roosevelt defended his building of the Panama Canal by claiming that

answer

he had received a "mandate from civilization."

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American involvement in the affairs of Latin American nations at the turn of the century usually stemmed from

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the fact that they were chronically in debt.

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The Roosevelt Corollary added a new provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was specifically designed to

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justify U.S. intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries.

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Teddy Roosevelt promoted what might be called a "Bad Neighbor" policy by

answer

adding the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

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The United States' frequent intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries in the early twentieth century

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left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the United States throughout Latin America.

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In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War started because

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Russia was seeking ice-free ports in Chinese Manchuria.

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Theodore Roosevelt became involved in the peace settlement for the Russo-Japanese War

answer

when Japan secretly asked him to help.

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President Roosevelt organized a conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1905 to

answer

mediate a conclusion to the Russo-Japanese War.

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As a result of the Russo-Japanese War,

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Japan won a territorial concession on Sakhalin Island.

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The "Gentlemen's Agreement" that Teddy Roosevelt worked out with the Japanese in 1907-1908

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caused Japan to halt the flow of laborers to America in return for the repeal of a racist school decree by the San Francisco School Board.

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Japanese immigrants first entered U.S. territory to work as

answer

laborers on Hawaii's sugar plantations.

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In the Root-Takahira agreement of 1908,

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the United States and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial holdings in the Pacific.

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A group of historians known as the "New Left" revisionists argued that the United States' burst of overseas expansion

answer

was designed to create an "informal empire" that would guarantee American economic dominance of foreign markets and investments.

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