APUSH Unit 4.3 – The Era of Good Feelings – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
nationalism
answer
an overwhelming sense of pride in one's country, usually accompanied by a feeling of superiority over other countries
question
Davy Crockett
answer
America's first pop culture icon who possessed legendary hunting and fighting skills
question
Noah Webster
answer
published the first American English dictionary separate from that of England, designed to promote patriotism
question
McGuffey Readers
answer
a series widely used textbooks in American schools from 1830s-1960s that taught reading & grammar and promoted patriotism
question
Knickerbocker Group
answer
three men, Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant, who were American pioneers in literature that stressed American over European themes in writing
question
Washington Irving
answer
American author who wrote "Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip van Winkle", member of the Knickerbocker Group
question
James Fenimore Cooper
answer
American author who wrote "Last of the Mohicans," which dramatized conflict between British and Amerindians during the F/I War, member of the Knickerbocker Group
question
William Cullen Bryant
answer
American romantic poet who focused on nature as a metaphor for truth, member of the Knickerbocker group
question
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
answer
American romantic poet who wrote "Paul Revere's Ride"
question
Ralph Waldo Emerson
answer
greatest transcendentalist that developed the "oversoul" idea, and advocated self-reliance, self-improvement, optimism, freedom, and championed American individualism
question
Henry David Thoreau
answer
American transcendentalist who followed Emerson, most famous book 'Of Life in the Woods' described the relationship between self and nature; essay "Civil Disobedience" encouraged Gandhi and MLKs views about nonviolent resistance
question
Walt Whitman
answer
American poet who celebrated the greatness of America
question
John Trumbull
answer
American painter who glorified America's past through massive historical scenes
question
Hudson River School
answer
school of art in the early 1800s that glorified American landscapes, and emphasized realization and preservation of nature as a source of wisdom and fulfillment; hosted several famous painters such as T. Cole and A. Durand
question
Thomas Cole
answer
American artist regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School
question
Asher Durand
answer
American painter, member of the Hudson River School
question
"American System"
answer
economic plan proposed by Henry Clay during the early 1800s based on the ideas of Hamilton; composed of a 2nd bank of the U.S., a protective tariff, and internal improvements
question
2nd National Bank
answer
the second federally authorized Hamiltonian bank that existed from 1816 to 1836, where it was killed by Andrew Jackson, part of Clay's "American System"
question
Tariff of 1816
answer
the first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from foreign competition, part of Clay's "American System"
question
internal improvements
answer
proposed bill that would have given money to states to fund construction of roads and canals, but failed - states' rights issue; part of Clay's "American System"
question
"Era of Good Feelings"
answer
a period in the political history of the United States that reflected rising nationalism in America after between 1817-1825. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the disputes between it and the dominant Democratic-Republican Party during the First Party System.
question
Panic of 1819
answer
the first major peacetime financial crisis in the U.S. followed that persisted through 1821. Displayed the transition of the nation from its colonial commercial status with Europe toward a industrial, laissez-faire based economy. Cause: overspeculation of land, Result: calls for reform and pressure for increased democracy
question
Tallmadge Amendment
answer
proposed amendment requesting the territory of Missouri to become a state - promoting eventual emancipation (Jefferson: "like a firebell in the night") - marked the beginning of slavery/sectional tensions in the U.S. leading up to the civil war
question
Missouri Compromise of 1820
answer
a compromise negotiated by Clay where Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine was admitted as a Free state, and the 36 30 line would dictate the limits of slavery
question
John Marshall
answer
one of the most important Supreme Court justices who strengthened the Supreme Court by establishing judicial review and increased power of the federal government over the states
question
judicial nationalism
answer
the idea of deciding cases for the sake of the national government, rather than that of the states
question
McCullough v. Maryland
answer
(1819) Bank of the U.S. declared constitutional via Hamilton's doctrine of implied powers - boost to loose constructionism, blow to states' rights
question
Dartmouth v. Woodward
answer
(1819) states cannot invalidate public charters (contracts) - safeguarded business from state domination, set precedent for corporations being able to escape government control
question
Cohens v. Virginia
answer
(1821) Supreme court had the power to review decisions of the state supreme courts in issues involving powers of the national government - blow to states' rights
question
Gibbons v. Odgen
answer
(1824) Only Congress had the right to regulate interstate commerce
question
Daniel Webster
answer
American Federalist politician who argued federalist and nationalistic ideas before Marshall's court - important in influencing Marshall's decisions (challenged states' rights)
question
Rush-Bagot Treaty
answer
(1817) between U.S. and Canada, significantly limited naval armament on the Great Lakes
question
Convention of 1818
answer
(1818) John Quincy Adams negotiated a treaty with England that fixed the American/Canadian border at the 49th parallel & 10 yr. joint occupation of Oregon Territory
question
Adams-Onis Treaty
answer
(1819) treaty between U.S. and Spain that gave Florida to the U.S. and settled the border dispute between U.S. and Mexico
question
Monroe Doctrine
answer
(1823) J.Q. Adams' message to foreign nations concerning American foreign policy: Imperial powers could keep existing colonies in the Western hemisphere, but couldn't gain any new ones - the new republics should be able to govern themselves
question
transcendentalism
answer
an idealistic philosophical movement influenced by romanticism in Europe that emerged in New England in the 1830s that believed that truth "transcends" the senses, that every person has an inner light that can illuminate truth, and stressed individualism
question
Fletcher v. Peck
answer
(1810) Constitution forbids states from "impairing" contracts - protection of property rights against popular pressures
question
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
answer
(1816) upheld Supremacy Clause of the Constitution and federal judicial supremacy over the states
question
causes of heightened nationalism after War of 1812
answer
1. victories in the war, including New Orleans 2. death of Federalist party (temporarily reduced sectionalism) 3. decline of economic dependence on Europe 4. westward expansion 5. began to see themselves as Americans
question
examples of nationalism in Literature
answer
1. Noah Webster 2. William H. McGuffey 3. Knickerbocker Group 4. Henry W. Longfellow 5. Transcendentalism (Thoreau, Emerson)
question
examples of nationalism in the arts
answer
1. Thomas Jefferson (Monticello) 2. John Trumbull 3. Hudson River School (Thomas Cole, Asher Durand)
question
sides of the sectional battle over the Tariff of 1816 (part of Clay's "American System")
answer
1. John C. Calhoun: south, war-hawk and nationalist - opposed tariff b/c enriched NE manufacturing @ south's expense 2. Daniel Webster: north, opposed tariff b/c it would damage not-completely-industrialized northern economy 3. Henry Clay: saw tariff as a way to develop domestic market - eastern trade would flourish, profits would fund western roads/canals
question
issues dividing the nation during the Era of Good Feelings (1817-1825)
answer
1. emerging sectionalism (east, west, south) 2. tariff issue (east & south opposed, west in favor) 3. internal improvements (east & south opposed, west in favor) 4. Bank of U.S. (west & south opposed, east in favor) 5. sale of public lands (east opposed, west & south in favor) 6. panic of 1819 caused hostility from west to eastern bankers 7. issue of slavery in Missouri (resolved by MO Compromise) 8. factions beginning to develop in Republican party after demise of Federalists - led to emergence of the Whig party
question
events that occurred during Monroe's presidency
answer
1. Panic of 1819 2. Missouri Compromise
question
Causes of the Panic of 1819
answer
1. overspeculation of frontier lands 2. inflation from war of 1812 3. trade deficit w/Britain 4. BUS forced western banks to foreclose on western farmers
question
Results of the Panic of 1819
answer
1. calls for reform and pressure for increased democracy 2. western farmers began to hate the BUS 3. smaller parcels of land being sold 4. widespread sentiment to end debtor's prisons
question
reasons for westward expansion
answer
1. had been significant since colonial era 2. cheap land in Ohio attracted immigrants 3. land exhaustion in tobacco states 4. speculators accepted smaller down payments 5. economic depression 6. defeat of Amerindians on the frontier 7. transportation revolution improved land routes