APUSH The Rise of Big Business ; The Labor Movement – Flashcards
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An important factor in the rapid development of industry in the United States during the last half of the 19c was?
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the availability of capital for investment purposes.
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In its approach to union organization, the Knights of Labor officially?
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welcomed both skilled and unskilled workers.
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A long range influence of Samuel Gompers on the American labor movement was his advocacy of?
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non-involvement in party politics
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The concept of "limited liability" contributed to the development of corporations and was appealing to many Americans because?
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they risked only their own investment and were not responsible for the debts of the corporation.- they did not have to be personally involved in the corporation to purchase stock in it-entrepreneurs could now amass great sums of money for investment purposes- all of the above
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The "Gospel of Wealth," as advanced by Andrew Carnegie, promoted the concept that people with wealth should?
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use their resources to help society
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One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it?
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represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.
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J. P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the board of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)?
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interlocking directorate
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The first "big business" in America, at least in terms of finance, labor relations, and management, was?
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the railroad industry.
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The Supreme Court in the United States v. Knight Company?
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diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by ruling that manufacturing was not interstate commerce
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Why did the proportion of women working in clerical jobs increase in the late 19c and early 20c?
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because many women had taken typing and shorthand courses in school, employers did not have to invest much in training them.
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The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 and the Sherman Anti Trust Act of 1890 had in common the fact that they?
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were greatly strengthened by the Supreme Court in the years after they were passed
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Which type of governmental assistance was most helpful to labor during the period 1876-1914?
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federal legislation.
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Labor unions were ruled not to be illegal conspiracies provided that their methods were honorable and peaceful in the Supreme Court case of?
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Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)
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The 1880s movement for the eighthour working day is usually associated with which of the following labor organizations?
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the Knights of Labor.
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Which of the following best accounts for the success of Standard Oil?
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its corporate structure--known as horizontal integration--allowed the company to grow tremendously.
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Terence V. Powderly, head of the Knights of Labor, advocated?
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a gradual end to the wage system and the reorganization of society on cooperative principles- temperance- the admission of blacks into local Knights of Labor assemblies- all of the above
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"Yellow dog" contracts were contracts?
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in which workers promised not to strike or join a union
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A major reason for the low wages of unskilled workers throughout the late 19c was that?
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management was able to draw on cheap labor on a global scale.
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In the 19c, railroads formed pools in order to?
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fix prices and divide business for greater profit.
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A closed shop requires workers to?
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join a union to secure a job
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The Haymarket bombing of May 4, 1886, was important to the labor movement because it?
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aroused public opposition against labor, contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor, and caused an increase in the membership of the AFL
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Why was the Clayton Anti-Trust Act an improvement over the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
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labor unions and farm organizations were no longer considered as monopolies in restraint of trade.
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In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, the United States Supreme Court did which of the following?
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affirmed the power of the federal government over commerce
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By the end of the 1800s, the use of pools, trusts, and holding companies by big business resulted in?
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a concentration of economic power in the hands of a few.
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All of the following were important factors in post Civil War industrial expansion EXCEPT?
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immigration restrictions
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Many employers cut wages in the late 19c by?
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hiring women and children
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President Grover Cleveland responded to the 1894 Pullman strike by?
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intervening on the side of management
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In the West, the immigrants who bore the brunt of labor hostility in the 1870s and 1880s were?
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Chinese
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Labor relations at the end of the 19c were?
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characterized by violence and thousands of strikes.
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The ideas of Social Darwinism allowed men of wealth, like Carnegie and Rockefeller, to?
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justify the economic inequality that favored them over the nation's poor
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The ideas of Social Darwinism allowed men of wealth, like Carnegie and Rockefeller, to?
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justify the economic inequality that favored them over the nation's poor
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The ideas of Social Darwinism allowed men of wealth, like Carnegie and Rockefeller, to?
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justify the economic inequality that favored them over the nation's poor
