APUSH Practice MC Period 1 – Flashcards

1. In approximately 7000 BCE, agriculture developed in the Americas in: a. the Mississippi Valley. b. Mexico and Peru. c. the Yucatan Peninsula. d. Chesapeake Bay. e. Brazil.

2. Which one of the following statements is true of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán? a. It had a complex system of canals, bridges, and dams, with the Great Temple at the center. b. It was located in the dense jungle of the Yucatan Peninsula. c. Its defeat was due to its leader surrendering too soon to Hernán Cortés, who was in fact outnumbered and outgunned. d. Technologically and architecturally, it was so far behind European capitals that its defeat was certain. e. It had the New World's first mass transit system.

3. The city situated along the Mississippi River with between 10,000 and 30,000 residents in the year 1200 is today known as: a. Poverty Point. b. Cahokia. c. Pueblo Bonita. d. Iroquois. e. Tenochtitlán.

4. Pueblo Indians lived in what is now: a. the eastern United States. b. the southwestern United States. c. Mexico. d. the northeastern United States. e. Central America.

5. The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century: a. had engaged in settled village life only briefly before the Spanish arrived. b. had been almost completely isolated from any other people before the Spanish arrived. c. used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production. d. were called mound builders for the burial mounds they created. e. created a vast empire that included control of the Incas.

6. Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans: a. had elaborate trade networks. b. were entirely agricultural and rural. c. across the continent were very similar in their political and religious beliefs. d. always lived in small family units. e. lived only in coastal areas.

7. Far more important to most Indian societies than freedom as personal independence were all of the following EXCEPT: a. kinship ties. b. secure rights to owning land. c. the ability to follow one's spiritual values. d. the well-being of one's community. e. the security of one's community.

8. Europeans tended to think which one of the following about Native Americans and their cultures? a. All Native Americans were gentle and friendly. b. Native Americans worshiped the same God that Europeans did, although they called him by different names. c. Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it. d. Because Native American men engaged in masculine pursuits such as hunting and fishing, Indian gender divisions were acceptable. e. Native American cultures were actually superior to those of Europeans.

9. In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called "Christian liberty," a. was a set of ideas today known as "religious toleration." b. mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ—concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing. c. found expression in countries dominated by Catholics but not in primarily Protestant ones. d. argued that all Christians should have equal political rights. e. referred to the policy of trying to overthrow any non-Christian regime around the world.

10. Under English law in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, women: a. enjoyed far greater rights than they did in Spain and Spanish America. b. who outlived their husbands were entitled to one-half of the husband's property. c. surrendered their legal identities when they married. d. were expected to submit to their husbands in public, but not in private. e. gained a great deal of personal and political power during the reigns of Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth.

11. Slavery in Africa: a. resulted from the arrival of Europeans. b. included no form of rights for the slaves. c. was the only kind of labor on that continent. d. involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives. e. accelerated with the arrival of the French in the 1520s.

12. What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations? a. None whatsoever. b. Columbus was determined to convert Native Americans to Christianity. c. Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade. d. Columbus benefited from Ferdinand and Isabella's efforts to promote tolerance in Spain. e. Spain wanted Columbus to find a refuge for the Jews the king was driving out of the country.

13. The first center of the Spanish empire in America: a. was a prosperous settlement that Columbus created. b. was the island of Hispaniola. c. fell to Dutch raiders in 1506. d. resulted from Columbus's last voyage to the New World in 1502. e. was Cuba.

14. Why did European exploration of the New World proceed so rapidly after Columbus's discoveries? a. Gutenberg's invention of the printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of information. b. England, France, and Spain united to fund exploration, eliminating one of the problems that Columbus had faced. c. Spain was determined to protect the Native Americans against Protestant missionaries from rival European states, inspiring the government to fund numerous expeditions. d. The amount of gold that Columbus brought back to Spain was so inspiring that other countries inevitably followed suit. e. The Dutch became involved and had more money than other countries to finance expeditions, so those other countries worked together and raced against the Dutch for control.

15. In 1519, who became the first European explorer to encounter the Aztec empire? a. Vasco da Gama. b. Ferdinand Magellan. c. John Cabot. d. Hernán Cortés. e. Francisco Pizzaro.

16. The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs: a. occurred one at a time and therefore were minimal. b. prompted most Aztecs to oppose their leaders, who opposed the sacrifices. c. disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake. d. were always held at an arena in Tenochtitlán that resembled the Roman Colosseum. e. cost the Spanish several hundred men before Cortés conquered the Aztecs.

17. Which of the following was NOT a technique that Spanish conquistadores used to conquer Native American empires? a. Kidnapping a leader and holding him for ransom. b. Dividing and conquering them by taking advantage of old rivalries. c. Relying upon the spread of diseases, even though they may not have been introduced intentionally. d. Negotiating treaties. e. Using their superior military technology.

18. The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugarcane is called: a. globalization. b. the Columbian Exchange. c. the Great Circuit. d. the Atlantic system. e. trade.

19. The Columbian Exchange was: a. the agreement that documented what Christopher Columbus would give to Spanish leaders in return for their sponsorship of his travel to the New World. b. the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World. c. John Cabot's exploration of the New World, which brought more of the goods that Columbus had found back to the Old World. d. responsible for introducing corn, tomatoes, and potatoes to the Americas. e. the first store in the New World, named for the man who founded it.

20. The government of the Spanish empire in America: a. established the principle of the separation of church and state by keeping the Catholic Church out of civic affairs. b. was dominated by the conquistadores, who had conquered lands and retained control over them. c. included local officials who held a great deal of control. d. was troubled due to constant turmoil and local divisions back in Spain. e. operated out of Monterey, California.

21. Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true? a. Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African. b. Mestizos enjoyed much political freedom and held most of the high government positions. c. Spaniards outnumbered the Indian inhabitants after fifty years of settlement. d. The Catholic Church played only a minor role in Spanish America. e. Spanish America was very rural and had few urban centers.

22. How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans? a. The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization. b. Pope Alexander VI had approved Spanish slavery but banned slavery in Portuguese holdings in the New World. c. The writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas explained that the Bible approved slavery and that therefore it was acceptable. d. If England and France were to be defeated in the quest for empire, Spain needed to take a step they had avoided—imposing slavery upon the native population. e. The Spanish actually never enslaved Native Americans; the charge that they did was simply part of the Black Legend spread by the English and other enemies.

23. Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that Indians: a. could be enslaved because they lacked true religion. b. were more akin to beasts than humans. c. should overthrow their cruel Spanish masters and reestablish the Inca and Aztec empires. d. were treated well by the Spanish. e. should enjoy "all guarantees of liberty and justice" as subjects of Spain.

24. The Black Legend described: a. the Aztecs' view of Cortés. b. English pirates along the African coast. c. Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer. d. Portugal as a vast trading empire. e. Indians as savages.

25. Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, __________ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains. a. Francisco Vásquez de Coronado b. Hernando de Soto c. Jacques Marquette d. Juan Ponce de León e. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo

26. Spanish Florida: a. attracted large numbers of settlers. b. became a British colony in 1607. c. was little more than an isolated military settlement. d. was the site of Juan de Oñate's attack on the inhabitants of Acoma. e. attracted mostly elderly Spaniards.

27. The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was: a. Tucson. b. Albuquerque. c. El Paso. d. San Diego. e. Santa Fe.

28. The Pueblo Indian uprising of 1680: a. followed their leader Popé's arrest for engaging in sexual relations with a non-Native American woman. b. helped lead to the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans. c. was based entirely on economic factors. d. was the work of one Native American tribe. e. began a long tradition of cooperation between New Mexico's tribes.

29. French Canada: a. was a very democratic colony. b. was founded by Jesuit priests who were working as fur traders as a way to meet and convert Native Americans. c. consisted mainly of male colonists. d. had, by 1700, twice as many colonists as all the English North American colonies combined. e. gave the French a world monopoly on fur production

30. New France was characterized by: a. severe conflict between French settlers and the Indians. b. a well-defined line between Indian society and French society. c. more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain. d. a Protestant missionary zeal to convert the Indians. e. its lack of devastating epidemics.

31. How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans? a. It didn't; Native Americans were already hunting beaver and buffalo for their skins. b. Native Americans benefited economically but were able to avoid getting caught in European conflicts and rivalries. c. The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society. d. The English and French quests for beaver pelts prompted a surge in the Native American population. e. It forced Native Americans to learn new trapping techniques that were far superior to their old ways

32. The Jesuit religious order was particularly influential in: a. New Netherland. b. Brazil. c. England. d. New France. e. Cuba.

33. Which one of the following was true of French relations with Native Americans? a. The French appropriated significant amounts of land for fur trading. b. The French were proud that they were considered tougher on Indians than their English and Spanish counterparts. c. The French sent nuns to try to Christianize the natives, because they understood that gender relations were different among Native Americans than they were among whites. d. Native Americans resented that the French had no need for their help in the fur trade. e. Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, but gave them far more independence than did Spanish missionaries.

34. Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century? a. France b. The Netherlands c. Britain d. Spain e. Portugal

35. How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty? a. They supported tolerance in religious matters in their colony. b. Their colony was the first in the Americas to have a bill of rights. c. They allowed freedom of speech. d. They issued the Edict of New Netherland, declaring the Puritans to be heathens because they refused to allow religious freedom. e. They gave men ownership of their wives, which gave married men the property ownership and independence they needed to participate in political activities.

36. Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland? a. The colony's elected assembly enjoyed greater rights of self-government than any English colonial legislative body. b. The Dutch commitment to liberty prompted the colony to ban slavery there. c. Religious intolerance led the Dutch to ban all Jewish peoples from the colony. d. Of all of the colonies in the New World, New Netherland required the longest period of service from indentured servants. e. Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.

37. Patroonship in New Netherland: a. was a great success, bringing thousands of new settlers to the colony. b. meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor. c. was like a system of medieval lords. d. led to one democratic manor led by Kiliaen van Rensselaer. e. involved joint Dutch and Indian control of farmland

38. In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch: a. sought to imitate the Spanish. b. concentrated more on economics than religious conversion. c. tried to drive Native Americans into the Puritan colony. d. avoided warfare at all costs. e. called them members of a deceitful race.