APUSH Period 1 Key Concepts
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environment each other
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Before the Europeans arrived, native populations in North America developed a wide variety of social, political, and economic structures based in part on interactions with the - and -
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adapting to transforming
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As settlers migrated and settled across the cast expanse of North America over time, they developed quite different and increasingly complex societies by - and - their diverse environments
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maize cultivation
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the spread of - from p.d. Mexico northward into the American SW and beyond supported economic development and social diversification among societies in these areas
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foraging hunting
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a mix of - and - did the same for societies in the NW and areas of California that the spread of maize cultivation did in the SW
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great basin great plains
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societies responded to the lack of natural resources in the - and the western - by developing largely mobile lifestyles
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northeast atlantic seaboard
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in the - and along the - some societies developed a mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent villages.
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Columbian Exchange
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European overseas expansion resulted in the -, a series of interactions and adaptations between societies across the Atlantic.
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demographic social
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The arrival of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere in the 15th and 16th centuries triggered extensive - and - changes on both sides of the Atlantic.
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deadly epidemics racially mixed caste system
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Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas led to widespread -, the emergence of - populations, and a - defined by an intermixture among Spanish settlers, Africans and Native Americans.
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West Africa
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Spanish and Portuguese traders reached - and partnered with some African groups to exploit local resources and recruit slave labor for the Americas.
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Spanish
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The introduction of new crops and livestock by the - had far-reaching effects on native settlement patterns, as well as on economic, social and political development in the Western Hemisphere.
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Indian labor African slavery
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In the economies of the Spanish colonies, -, used in the encomienda system to support plantation-based agriculture and extract precious metals and other resources, was gradually replaced by -.
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social/religious, political and economic
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European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense - - and - competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building
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wealth, power and status, Christianity
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European exploration and conquest were fueled by a desire for new sources of -, increased -, and converts to -
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population growth mineral wealth
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New crops from the Americas stimulated European - while new sources of - facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.
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technology trade
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Improvements in - and more organized methods for conducting international - helped drive changes to economies in Europe and the Americas.
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Contacts
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- among American Indians, Africans and Europeans challenged the worldviews of each group.
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white nonwhite
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European overseas expansion and sustained contacts with Africans and American Indians dramatically altered European views of social, political and economic relationships among and between - and - peoples.
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European standards
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With little experience dealing with people who were different from themselves, Spanish and Portuguese explorers poorly understood the native peoples they encountered in the Americas, leading to debates over how American Indians should be treated and how \"civilized\" these groups were compared to -
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white superiority
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Many Europeans developed a belief in - to justify their subjugation of Africans and American Indians, using several different rationales.
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political and cultural autonomy
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Native peoples and Africans in the Americas strove to maintain their - in the face of European challenges to their independence and core beliefs.
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resistance conflict
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European attempts to change American Indian beliefs and world views on basic social issues such as religion, gender roles and the family, and the relationship of people with the natural environment led to American Indian - and -
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cultural
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In spite of slavery, Africans' cultural and linguistic adaptations to the Western Hemisphere resulted in varying degrees of - preservation and autonomy.
