APUSH ~ Chapter 33 – Flashcards
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London Economic Conference
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International economic conference on stabilizing currency that was sabotaged by FDR
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Philippines
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Nation to which the U.S. promised independence in the Tydings-McDuffie Act
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Good Neighbor Policy
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FDR's repudiation of Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating his intention to work cooperatively with Latin American nations
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Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937
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A series of laws enacted by Congress in the mid-1930s that attempted to prevent any American involvement in future overseas wars
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Spanish Civil War
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Conflict between the rebel fascist forces of General Francisco Franco and the Loyalist government that severely tested U.S. neutrality legislation
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Quarantine Speech
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Roosevelt's 1937 speech that proposed strong U.S. measures against overseas aggressors
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Munich
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European diplomatic conference in 1938, where Britain and France yielded to Hitler's demands for Czechoslovakia
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Appeasement
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Term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands
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Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies
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Leading U.S. group advocating American support for Britain in the fight against Hitler
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America First Committee
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Leading isolationist group advocating that America focus on continental defense and non-involvement with the European war
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Lend-Lease Bill
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Controversial 1941 law that made America the arsenal of democracy by providing supposedly temporary military assistance to Britian
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Kristallnacht
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A devastating night of Nazi attacks on Jewish businesses and synagogues that signaled a deepening of anti-Semitism and caused revulsion in the United States
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Atlantic Charter
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U.S.-Britain agreement of August 1941 to promote democracy and establish a new international organization for peace
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Reuben James
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U.S. destroyer sunk by German submarines off the coast of Iceland in October 1941, with the loss of over a hundred men
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Pearl Harbor
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Major American Pacific naval base devastated in a surprise attack in December 1941
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Cordell Hull
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FDR's secretary of state, who promoted reciprocal trade agreements, especially with Latin America
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Adolf Hitler
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Fanatical fascist leader of Germany whose aggression forced the United States to abandon its neutrality
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Benito Mussolini
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The lesser partner of the Rome-Berlin Axis who invaded Ethiopia and joined the war against France and Britain
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Gerald Nye
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Instigator of 1934 Senate hearings that castigated WWI munitions manufacturers as "merchants of death"
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Francisco Franco
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Fascist rebel against the Spanish Loyalist government
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Abraham Lincoln Brigade
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Young American volunteers who went to fight for Loyalist Spain against Franco's Spanish fascist rebels
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Czechoslovakia
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Small East European democracy betrayed into Hitler's hands at Munich
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Poland
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East European nation whose September 1939 invasion by Hitler set off WWII in Europe
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France
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Nation whose sudden fall to Hitler in 1940 pushed the United States closer to direct aid to Britain
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Charles A. Lindbergh
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Leader of the America First organization and chief spokesman for U.S. isolationism
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Wendell Willkie
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Dynamic dark horse Republican presidential nominee who attacked FDR only on domestic policy
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Winston Churchill
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Courageous prime minister who led Britain's lonely resistance to Hitler
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Joseph Stalin
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Russian dictator who first helped Hitler destroy Poland before becoming a victim of Nazi aggression in 1941
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Iceland
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North Atlantic nation near whose waters U.S. destroyers came under Nazi submarine attack
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Hawaii
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Site of a naval base where Japan launched a devastating surprise attack on the United States
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1933
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DATE: FDR puts domestic recovery ahead of international economics, torpedoing a major monetary conference.
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1937
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DATE: Japan invades China and attacks an American vessel, but the United States sticks to its neutrality principles
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1938
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DATE: Western democracies try to appease Hitler by sacrificing Czechoslovakia, but his appetite for conquest remains undiminished
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1940
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DATE: The fall of France pushes FDR into providing increasingly open aid to Britain.
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1941
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DATE: Already engaged against Hitler in the Atlantic, the United States is plunged into WWII by a surprise attack in the Pacific
