APUSH Chapter 25 Questions – Flashcards
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What did the Washington Conference accomplish?
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-Five-Power-Pact: put limitations on weapons & military in the US, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. Prevent the naval arms race. -Nine-Power-Pact: Continuation of the Open Door Policy in China. -Four-Power-Pact: US, GB, France, and Japan promised to respect one anthers territories.
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Describe the circular pattern of international finance established by the Dawes Plan. What was the result?
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America would give loans to Germany so they could pay off their reparations to GB & France, if they reduced the reparations. America would lend money to Germany to pay reparations to GB & France. GB & France would then use that money to payback their debts to the US.
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How did President Hoover reshape U.S. policy toward Latin America? In Europe?
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he tried to avoid intervention of neighboring nation's internal affairs. -pulled American troops -granted diplomatic recognition to any neighboring government -repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine when Latin America called on the US for help with debt. Europe: Roosevelt proposed to prohibit debts - failed. Political leaders appealed to Hoover to cancel their debts to America.
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How did the Hoover administration deal with Japanese expansionism in Manchuria?
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Secretary of State Henry Stimson gave a stern warning to Japan; he tried to use moral suasion but Hoover forbade him from getting involved in the League of Nations.
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How did Roosevelt break with Hoover on the matter of economic relations with Europe?
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FDR saw the need to return to a gold standard & saw the importance of internationalism. He agreed to lower tariffs if the other countries did but forbade banks from giving out loans.
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In what ways did the Good Neighbor policy of Roosevelt build on Hoover's Latin American policy?
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Hoover had abandoned military efforts & FDR approved that "no state has the right to intervene in internal or external affairs of another" FDR wanted to use economic policies to ease tension.
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What ideas and developments fed isolationist sentiment in the first half of the 1930s? What was Roosevelt's position?
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MussolinI & Hitler withdrew from the Washington conference. NYE found evidence that Wilson had been bribed by corporations to go to war for economic reasons. The World Court was defeated! Roosevelt wanted INTERNATIONALISM.
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Why did the Roosevelt administration extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union? What was the effect of this action?
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The Soviet Union wanted to keep Japan out. The US also wanted to regain their position in the world. Efforts failed due to the mistrust. US did no agree to help keep Japan out & did not trade much with Russia.
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Taken as a whole, what were the basic provisions and central purpose of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937?
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The acts stopped trading of military goods to the European nations, told Americans to travel at their own risk & gave nonmilitaristic goods to European vessels. prevented any corrupt persuading that would pull America into war like in WWI "Protection of neutral rights"
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How did President Roosevelt's responses to the Spanish-American War and the Japanese actions in China illustrate the political strength of isolationist sentiment?
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The US along with GB & France refused to side with either in the Spanish-American War. The Quarantine Speech threatened Japan & told them to stop aggression. The isolationist said the Panay bombing was an accident - pressured the administration to accept Japan's apology.
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Explain the Sino-Japanese War. How did it lay the groundwork for the conflict with America in World War II?
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Japan became dependent on the US as they tried to expand into China/Asia. When Roosevelt stopped ALL militaristic trade Japan was in trouble -----leads to pearl harbor.
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What German moves and diplomatic failures led to the start of World War II in Europe? What role did the Soviet Union play in the road to war?
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Germany threatened Poland after the Munich conference. The Soviet Union (Stalin) signed a nonaggression pact allowing Germany to escape another possible war.
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How did Roosevelt manage to aid Great Britain in 1939 and 1940 in various ways short of war?
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He added military goods to the cash-and-carry policy of the Neutrality Acts despite isolationists. Aided Winston Churchill in exchange for bases in western hemisphere.
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What naval warfare led the United States to the brink of war in Europe? What was the basic war aim set out in the Atlantic Charter?
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Germany destroyed 1/2 million GB boats & before the USSR compact the US aided Russia & GB. Nazis sank the Greer and Ruben James. FDR met with Churchill & decided on "final destruction of Nazi tyranny"
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Describe the events in Asia that brought Japan into conflict with the United States. How close to war was the nation prior to the Pearl Harbor attack?
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Japan took advantage of the chaos with GB, France & Russia & formed an alliance with Germany & Italy. Japan captured Vietnam (a french colony) & targeted the Dutch East & Indies. They were close to war before Pearl Harbor since Stimson rejected neogations
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Why could the attack on Pearl Harbor be considered a tactical victory but a political blunder by the Japanese?
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It caused great losses in both people & weapons for Americans & only a few causalities for Japanese. POLITICAL BLUNDER but it unified the American people.
