APUSH Chapter 23 Vocab. – Flashcards
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"Bloody shirt"
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campaigning tactic used by Grant in 1868 election; revived gory memories of the Civil War; became for the first tie a prominent feature of a presidential campaign; "Vote as You Shot", powerful Republican slogan aimed at Union army veterans
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"Boss" Tweed
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head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.
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Thomas Nast
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"Father of American Cartoons"; drew political cartoons during Reconstruction; created popular images of Santa, Uncle Sam, and the Donkey / Elephant political symbols
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Credit Mobilier scandal
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This scandal occurred in the 1870s when a railroad construction company's stockholders used funds that were supposed to be used to build the Union Pacific Railroad for railroad construction for their own personal use. To avoid being convicted, stockholders even used stock to bribe congressional members and the vice president.
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"hard money"
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gold and silver; the peoples' money
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"cheap money"
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is the theory that more printed money meant cheaper money. Therefore prices would be the same with more money out, making it easy to pay off debts. Creditors thought the exact opposite, however, thinking that it would mean harder to pay debts.
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Resumption Act of 1875
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required the government to continue to withdraw greenbacks from circulation and to redeem all paper currency in gold at face value beginning in 1879.
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the "Crime of '73"
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decision by Congress to stop coining silver dollars
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Gilded Age
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1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor
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Stalwart
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One who supports a cause with firm partisanship
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Half-Breeds
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Favored tariff reform and social reform, major issues from the Democratic and Republican parties. They did not seem to be dedicated members of either party.
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Civil Rights Cases 1883
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Name attached to five cases brought under the Civil Rights Act of 1875. In 1883, the Supreme Court decided that discrimination in a variety of public accommodations, including theaters, hotels, and railroads, could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private discrimination and not state discrimination.
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"crop linen" system
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was a credit system that became widely used by cotton farmers in the United States in the South from the 1860s to the 1930s. Sharecroppers and tenant farmers who did not own the land they worked obtained supplies and food on credit from local merchants. They held a lien on the cotton crop and the merchants and landowners were the first ones paid from its sale. What was left over went to the farmer.
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Jim Crow Laws
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Any of the laws legalizing racial segregation of blacks and whites that were enacted in Southern states beginning in the 1880s and enforced through the 1950's
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
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Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
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(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition.
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Pendleton Act 1883
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Bill that outlawed compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees and established the Civil Service Commission.
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Mugwumps
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A group of renegade Republicans who supported 1884 Democratic presidential nominee Grover Cleveland instead of their party's nominee, James G. Blaine
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McKinley Tariff of 1890
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raised tariffs to the highest level they had ever been. Big business favored these tariffs because they protected U.S. businesses from foreign competition. cost Harrison reelection
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Populists
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American political movement that began in the Midwest among agrarian interest who believed the money supply was too restrictive (Hard Money) and demanded monetary reform (coinage of Silver). Their support of socialist ideas laid the groundwork for the "progressive" movement.
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Homestead Strike
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1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.
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grandfather clause
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A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867.
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Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894
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1894 act setting the tariff at 41.3%; not as low as Democrats wanted it to be. Cleveland was outraged that it did not go by his campaign pledges. He had to sign it to have a lower tariff, but he was annoyed with its ineffectiveness. It also was the first bill to introduce an income tax, but that was later struck down as unconstitutional.
