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Bloodhound Bill

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Also known as the fugitive slave law, stirred up a storm of opposition in the North. Now, escaped slaves could no longer testify in their own behalf.

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Finality Men

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Georgia whigs who voted for Webster even though he had died two weeks before the election.

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Great Nullifier

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Higher Law

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Senator William Seward's doctrine that slavery should be excluded from the territories as contrary to a divine moral law standing above even the Constitution

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Immortal Trio

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The congressional debate of 1850 was called to address the possible admission of California to the Union and threats of secession by southerners. Known as the "immortal trio," Henry Clay, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster spoke at the forum.

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Little Giant

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Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. He was the leader of the Young America wing of the Democratic Party and wanted to prevent sectional controversy through use of compromise. Although short in stature had powerful messages to be shared.

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Personal Liberty Laws

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Pre-Civil War laws passed by Northern state governments to counteract the provisions of the Fugitive Slave Acts and to protect escaped slaves and free blacks settled in the North, by giving them the right to a jury trial.

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49ers

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Name for the rough group of young men that loved adventure and who moved west following the discovery of gold in 1849.

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7th of March Speech

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Speech given by Daniel Webster, 1850, where he endorses the compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a civil war

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Baltimore Conventions

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Caleb Cushing

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Massachusetts lawyer who was sent by Tyler to secure comparable concession for the US in China, got treaty of Wanghia

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California Gold Rush

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1848 gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. These early gold-seekers, called "forty-niners," traveled to California by sailing boat and in covered wagons across the continent, often facing substantial hardships on the trip. San Francisco grew from a small settlement to a boomtown, and roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. A system of laws and a government were created, leading to the admission of California as a state in 1850

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California's Admittance into the Union

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Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

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1850 - Treaty between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Abrogated by the U.S. in 1881

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Daniel Webster

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1782-1852 Senator from Massachusetts and opponent of slavery who supported the Compromise of 1850

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Demise of the Whig Party

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Election of 1852 marked the beginning of then end. Deaths of Henry Clay and Daniel Webster weakened the party severely. When compromise of 1850 came out it fractured the Whigs with pro and anti slavery lines and with the anti slavery line having enough power to deny the election of 1852 in favor of Fillmore. During Kansas Nebraska act southern Whigs generally supported it while northern Whigs strongly opposed it northern Whigs like Lincoln joined the new Republican Party while southern Whigs joined the Know Nothing Party.

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Filibustering

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This is an attempt to obstruct a particular decision from being taken by using up the time available, typically through an extremely long speech. This would prevent the "opposing" party to pass an unfavorable law and ultimately force a compromise.

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Franklin Pierce

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President elected in 1852; puppet of the Democrats; sought expansion in Nicaragua and Cuba; signed trade treaties with China (Wanghia) and Japan (Kanagawa)

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Free-Soil Party

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A short lived political party that was against the expansion of slavery into new territories. They had enough people in Congress to influence certain decisions.

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Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

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Came from the Compromise of 1850; federal commissioners were appointed and given authority to issue warrants, gather, posses and force citizens to help catch runaway slaves.

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Gadsden Purchase

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(1853) U.S. purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico; set the current borders of the contiguous United States (the U.S. states, minus Hawaii, Alaska, and commonwealth of Puerto Rico)

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Harriet Tubman

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American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom.

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Henry Clay

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Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.

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Jefferson Davis:

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President of Confederacy- wanted Lee to move troops to Western Maryland, he wanted to move into Pennsylvania and to bring th ewar deep into the Northern States

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John C. Calhoun:

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Man who pushed for the concept that states should have the right to declare acts of the federal government unconstitutional. Believed states can reject federal laws.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act:

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Opened these territories to slavery through popular sovereignty(let the people decide) when Kansas applied for statehood people from Missouri crossed the border and voted illegally setting up a pro-slavery state, this led to the time period called Bleeding Kansas were 300 hundred people were killed.

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Lewis Cass:

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senator of Michigan; along with Senator Stephen A. Douglass of Illinois, offered another solution- rely on popular sovereignty to settle the issue on whether slavery should be allowed in the territories acquired by Mexico.

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Matthew C. Perry

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He was the military leader who convinced the Japanese to sign a treaty in 1853 with the U.S. The treaty allowed for a commercial foot in Japan which was helpful with furthering a relationship with Japan.

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Mexican Cession

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historical name for the region of the present day southwestern United States that was ceded to the U.S. by Mexico in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War. this massive land grab was significant because the question of extending slavery into newly acquired territories had become the leading national political issue.

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Millard Fillmore

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Successor of President Zachary Taylor after his death on July 9th 1850. He helped pass the Compromise of 1850 by gaining the support of Northern Whigs for the compromise., elected Vice President and became the 13th President of the United States when Zachary Taylor died in office (1800-1874)

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Nebrascals

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Derisive term for Northern antislaverites who came to settle Kansas to prevent it from becoming a slave state

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Old Guard

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This group controlled the Republican National Committee which awarded all but 19 of the disputed seats in Congress to Taft.

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Young Guard

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Young radical anti-slaveryites more interested in purification of the Union than its preservation

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Opium War

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1839-1842, it was fought between the British and Chinese over the opium trade. The British were ultimately victorious, and the war ended in the Treaty of Nanjing.

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Ostend Manifesto

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A declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S.

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Popular Sovereignty

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A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

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Stephen Douglas

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Senator from Illinois, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine, argues in favor of popular sovereignty

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Sutter's Mill

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Location where gold was discovered in California in 1848, setting off the gold rush.

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Treaty of 1848

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US gains AZ, NM, CA, NV,CO, WY, UT

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Treaty of Kanagawa

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1854 treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships

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Treaty of Wanghia

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The first diplomatic agreement between China and America in history, signed on July 3, 1844. Since America signed as a nation interested in trade instead of colonization, it was rewarded with extraordinary amount of trading power.

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Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price.

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A proslavery American adventurer from the South, he led an expedition to seize control on Nicaragua in 1855. He wanted to petition for annexation it as a new slave state but failed when several Latin American countries sent troops to oust him before the offer was made.

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Old Fuss and Feathers, marched on Mexico City in 1847, considered to be the ablest general of his generation, Old Fuss and Feathers, marched on Mexico City in 1847, considered to be the ablest general of his generation

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Zachary Taylor

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(1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore.

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