APUSH Ch. 33-35 – Flashcards
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Keynesian Economics
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Emphasized the role of government spending, including deficit spending, in stimulating the economy, The General Theory of Unemployment by John Maynard Keynes
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
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Set up by the glass-steagall banking reform act, all banks have to buy insurance for every depositors account for up to $5000
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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
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monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds
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Public Works Administration (PWA)
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Builds 34,000 project (bridges, parks, etc) More long term employment jobs in construction
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Works Progress Administration (WPA)
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Longest lasting reform: 8 years Finds people work in their own field
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Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)
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Employment for young adults 18-25 Most popular of employment programs Men had to leave home to work in forests Made $30/month; sent $22 home to help
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National Recovery Administration (NRA) Schecter Case
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Blue Eagle; Worked with businesses. Established standards for output, prices, and working conditions.
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Butler Case
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Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.
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Wagner-Connery Act (NLRB)
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Replaced the NRA by creating a powerful new National Labor Relations Board for administrative purposes and it brought back the right to strike, bargain collectively, etc. It proved itself to be a milestone on the unstable road of the US labor movement by helping unskilled workers organize themselves into labor unions and also it helped mediate disputes with the help of John L. Lewis.
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Social Security Act
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(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health
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Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
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A federation of labor union for all unskilled workers. It provided a national labor union for unskilled workers, unlike the AFL, which limited itself to skilled workers.
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"quarantine speech"
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The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism.
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Neutrality Act of 1939 "cash and carry" "arsenal of democracy"
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(FDR) European democracies might buy American war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"; improved American moral and economic position
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Conscription Act of 1940
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Drafted males ages 20-45, 166,000 drafted (3/4 of army).
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"Four Freedoms" Speech
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A speech by FDR that outlined the four principles of freedom (speech, religion, from want, and from fear) This helped inspire Americans into patriotism.
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Lend-Lease Act of 1941
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(1941) allowed the US to give Britain, China and later the Soviet Union military supplies; congress voted to try to spend $50 billion on military supplies from 1941-45, which the US did not expect to be repaid
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Zoot Suit Riots
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A series of riots in L.A. California during WW2, soldiers stationed in the city and Mexican youths because of the zoot suits they wore.
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Internment of Japanese-Americans Executive Order 9066
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Japanese Americans were place in camps because the government was afraid of spies and sabotage during WWII
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"Rosie the Riveter"
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A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.
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Indian Reorganization Act
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1934 - Restored tribal ownership of lands, recognized tribal constitutions and government, and provided loans for economic development.
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Casablanca Conference January 1943
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A wartime conference held at Casablanca, Morocco that was attended by de Gaulle, Churchill, and FDR. The Allies demanded the unconditional surrender of the axis, agreed to aid the Soviets, agreed on the invasion Italy, and the joint leadership of the Free French by De Gaulle and Giraud.
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Teheran Conference December 1943
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A war time conference held at Tehran, Iran that was attended by FDR, Churchill, and Stalin. It was the first meeting of the "Big Three" and it agreed on an opening of a second front (Overlord), and that the Soviet Union should enter the war against Japan after the end of the war in Europe.
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Yalta Conference February 1945
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The "Big Three" Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met here to make final war plans, arrange the post-war fate of Germany, and discuss the proposal for creation of the United Nations as a successor to the League of Nations. They announced the decision to divide Germany into three post-war zones of occupation, although a fourth zone was later created for France. Russia also agreed to enter the war against Japan, in exchange for the Kuril Islands and half of the Sakhalin Peninsula.
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Potsdam Conference July 1945
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Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.
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Election of 1932
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During worst part of depression, Roosevelt wins Results: anti Hoover, blacks vote democrat, inauguration day changed March 4 to January 20
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Roosevelt administration
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State Hull War Stimson Interior Ickes Vp: garner x2, Wallace, Truman Brain trust: Harvard economists who advised him
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Bank holiday
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Roosevelt goes on radio for 'fireside chat' Announces a bank holiday (closing banks) Passed in 8 hours
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Emergency session of congress
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'Hundred days congress' Passes more laws than any time in history Most congressmen are new, go along with whatever Roosevelt says
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FERA
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Temporary, dealt with bad winter of 1933, government gave money to the states, immediate aid
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CWA
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Boondoggling (useless work), hired people so they could have jobs
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John L. Lewis
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Congress of industrial organizations (CIO), United mine workers, attempted to form Union shops, sit down strikes in general motors
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Reciprocal trade agreement act
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New approach to trade with other nations, seperate trade treaties for different nations, Cordell Hull
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Blitzkrieg
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Lightening warfare, Denmark and Norway conquered in April, holland and Belgium conquered in may
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Dunkirk miracle
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British soldiers rescued by civilian boats; results in allies being kicked off European continent
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D-Day
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"The longest day", turning point of war, operation overlord, Normandy coast of France (saving private Ryan) Omaha and Utah beaches, Eisenhower is commander
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V-E Day
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Victory in Europe, Germany surrenders and is occupied by four powers MAY 8
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Battle of Coral Sea
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First aircraft carrier battle in naval history, all air fighting
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Battle of Midway
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Turning point in pacific, us broke Japan code
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USSR declares war on japan
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August 8, right after us drops atom bomb
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V-J Day
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Victory over Japan, Japan surrenders unconditionally and is occupied by us, army is there for 5 years with MacArthur as commander
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Beer and wine revenue act
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Alcohol becomes legal, jobs open in brewery and winery, 21st amendment
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Alf Landon
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Ran against FDR in 1936, gov of Kansas
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Nine old men
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7 over 70, 7 republican, 2 democrat
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Recognition of ussr
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1933, reasons: wants trade with Japan, democrats are less reluctant to extend recognition
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Phillipines
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Will get independence in 10 years if ready
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German re armament
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1933 hitter comes to power and ignore Versailles treaty, rearms Germany illegally and walks out league of nations
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Italy invades ethiopia
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Haile Selassie from Ethiopia asks for help from League of Nations, us gives neutrality act 1: no trade with nations at war
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Germany reoccupies rhineland
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No military in Rhineland, if France protests occupation Germany will back out, France says nothing, us passes neutrality act 2: no loans to nations at war
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Spanish civil war
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Loyalists vs. nationalists, Stalin supplies to loyalists, Franco supplies to nationalists, us passes neutrality act 3: U.S. is neutral in war: dooms spain
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China incident
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Japan invades China, U.S. passes neutrality act 4: no traveling on ships of belligerent nations, FDR guves quarantine speech (don't trade with japan)
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Anschluss
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Direct violation of Versailles treaty, unification of Germany and Austria for bigger population
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Hitler seizes Sudetneland (Czech)
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1938, Munich Conference: eng, fra, ger, ita; Italy gives in to hitler, Czech is divided into 5 zones
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March 1939
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Hitler takes rest of Czech
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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
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August, Russia and Germany, non aggression pact, Germany doesn't want 2 front war- gets Russia off its back by offering part of Poland
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Hitler invades poland
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September, after Molotov pact, WWII begins
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September 3
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England and France declare war on Germany, us passes neutrality act 5: only sell weapons to democracies (wants Germany to lose), cash and carry
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Battle of France
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46 days, maginot line, us gives $37 billion
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Battle of Britain
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Operation sea lion, Royal Air Force uses radar, Churchill goes on radio, isolationist groups aid British
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Destroyer base deal
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Churchill/Roosevelt: 50 destroyer ships for 8 naval bases
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Germany torpedos 3 us ships
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USS Greer, Uss Kearney, uss rueben James, us says shoot German boats on sight
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Japan attacks pearl harbor
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December 1941, wanted to destroy american pacific fleet, unannounced, didn't destroy carriers
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General eisenhower
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Supreme commander of Allies in Europe
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General Macarthur
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Pacific army
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Admiral Nimitz
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Pacific navy
