Apush Ch 23-26 Answers – Flashcards

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In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters
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of the gory memories of the Civil War and the Republican party's role in the Union's victory.
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New York's notoriously corrupt Boss Tweed was finally jailed under the pressure of
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New York Times exposes and the cartoons of Thomas Nast.
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The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved
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railroad construction kickbacks.
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The Compromise of 1877 resulted in
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the withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of black rights in the South.
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In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
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"separate but equal" facilities were constitutional.
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The Pendleton Act required people applying for many federal government jobs to
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take a competitive examination.
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Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader
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William Jennings Bryan
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The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with
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land grants and loans.
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The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it
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united the nation into a single, integrated national market.
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Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called
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pools.
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Wabash v Illinois
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the supreme court ruled that states could not regulate interstates between states commerce
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Andrew Carnegie's system of vertical integration
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combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company
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J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)
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interlocking directorates
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Bessemer process
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allowed for the price of steel to drop dramatically and for its production to be done with relative ease. The process involved blowing cold air on red-hot iron in order to ignite the carbon and eliminate impurities.
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The "Gospel of Wealth" endorsed by Andrew Carnegie
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held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God-given money.
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As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington
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promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation.
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Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois
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demanded complete equality for African Americans.
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The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian
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assimilation.
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Despite his status as a military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because he
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had no political experience and was a poor judge of character.
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In the aftermath of the Civil War
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waste, speculation, and corruption afflicted both business and government.
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A major cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was
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the expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets would bear.
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The political base of the Democratic party in the late nineteenth century lay especially in
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the white South and big-city immigrant machines.
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The national railroad strike of 1877 started when
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the four largest railroads cut salaries by 10 percent.
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In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress
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passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.
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President James A. Garfield was assassinated
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by a deranged, disappointed office seeker
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The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was
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the railroad network.
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The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the
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Interstate Commerce Commission.
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The single largest source of a critical raw material that fueled early American industrialization was the
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Mesabi iron range of Minnesota.
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The major incentive that drove captains of industry to invent machines was
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that machines would enable them to replace expensive skilled workers with cheap unskilled workers.
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Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the
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typewriter and the telephone.
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One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was
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elimination of as much competition as possible.
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John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved
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forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard oil or lose their business.
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The first major product of the oil industry was
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kerosene.
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Believers in the doctrine of "survival of the fittest," like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, argued that
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the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor.
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During the age of industrialization, the South
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remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.
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One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was
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the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock.
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Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor
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corporations.
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The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the
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availability of industrial jobs.
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The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880
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were culturally different from previous immigrants.
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The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late nineteenth century were the
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Irish and Chinese.
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While big city political bosses and their machines were often criticized, they proved necessary and effective in the new urban environment because
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they were more effective in serving urban immigrants' needs than weak state or local governments.
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The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was
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the big city.
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The vast majority of employed female workers in the late nineteenth century were
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single
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The religious denomination that was most positively engaged with the New Immigration was
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Roman Catholics.
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Americans offered growing support for a free public education system
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because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.
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During the industrial revolution, life expectancy
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measurably increased.
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One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the
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stresses of urban life.
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The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of
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middle class women.
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In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they
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received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land.
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The Buffalo Soldiers were
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African American cavalry and soldiers who served in the frontier wars.
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A new round of warfare between the Sioux and U.S. Army began in 1874 when
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Colonel George Custer discovered gold on Sioux land in the Black Hills
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The buffalo were nearly exterminated
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through wholesale butchery by whites.
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The mining frontier played a vital role in
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attracting the first substantial white population to the West.
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One major problem with the Homestead Act was that
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160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.
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A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was
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the scarcity of water.
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After exploring much of the West, geologist John Wesley Powell warned in 1874 that
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land west of the 100th meridian could not be farmed without extensive irrigation.
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In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, Americans were disturbed because
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the idea of an endlessly open West had been an element of America's history from the beginning.
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The root cause of the American farmers' problems after 1880 was
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low prices and a deflated currency.
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Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they
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were, by nature, highly independent and individualistic.
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In several states, farmers helped to pass the Granger Laws, which were designed to
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regulate railroad rates and grain storage fees.
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The severe economic depression of the 1890s strengthened the Populists' argument that
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wage earners and farmers alike were victims of an oppressive economic system.
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Jacob Coxey and his army marched on Washington, D.C., to
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demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program.
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President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that
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the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.This answer is correct.
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Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode
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proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people.
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The Pullman strike created the first instance of
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government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike
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The depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a
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battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.
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Which of the following was not among the qualifications that helped William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination in 1896? Selected:
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He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner
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Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of the federal government was to
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provide aid to big business.
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All of the following characteristics describe William Jennings Bryan in 1896 except he
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disliked the concept of class conflict.
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Question 25 William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he
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eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver.
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In the election of 1896, the major issue became
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free and unlimited coinage of silver.
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One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election was
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the huge financial and propaganda effort of Mark Hanna and the Republicans.
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The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896 presidential election was
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fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause.
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The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that
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a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes.
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The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by
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diminishing voter participation in elections.
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As president, William McKinley can best be described as
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cautious and conservative.
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The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of
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an increase in the international gold supply.
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