question

In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters

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of the gory memories of the Civil War and the Republican party's role in the Union's victory.

question

New York's notoriously corrupt Boss Tweed was finally jailed under the pressure of

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New York Times exposes and the cartoons of Thomas Nast.

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The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved

answer

railroad construction kickbacks.

question

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

answer

the withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of black rights in the South.

question

In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that

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"separate but equal" facilities were constitutional.

question

The Pendleton Act required people applying for many federal government jobs to

answer

take a competitive examination.

question

Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader

answer

William Jennings Bryan

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The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

answer

land grants and loans.

question

The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it

answer

united the nation into a single, integrated national market.

question

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

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pools.

question

Wabash v Illinois

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the supreme court ruled that states could not regulate interstates between states commerce

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Andrew Carnegie's system of vertical integration

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combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company

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J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)

answer

interlocking directorates

question

Bessemer process

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allowed for the price of steel to drop dramatically and for its production to be done with relative ease. The process involved blowing cold air on red-hot iron in order to ignite the carbon and eliminate impurities.

question

The "Gospel of Wealth" endorsed by Andrew Carnegie

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held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God-given money.

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As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington

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promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation.

question

Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois

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demanded complete equality for African Americans.

question

The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian

answer

assimilation.

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Despite his status as a military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because he

answer

had no political experience and was a poor judge of character.

question

In the aftermath of the Civil War

answer

waste, speculation, and corruption afflicted both business and government.

question

A major cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was

answer

the expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets would bear.

question

The political base of the Democratic party in the late nineteenth century lay especially in

answer

the white South and big-city immigrant machines.

question

The national railroad strike of 1877 started when

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the four largest railroads cut salaries by 10 percent.

question

In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress

answer

passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.

question

President James A. Garfield was assassinated

answer

by a deranged, disappointed office seeker

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The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was

answer

the railroad network.

question

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

answer

Interstate Commerce Commission.

question

The single largest source of a critical raw material that fueled early American industrialization was the

answer

Mesabi iron range of Minnesota.

question

The major incentive that drove captains of industry to invent machines was

answer

that machines would enable them to replace expensive skilled workers with cheap unskilled workers.

question

Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the

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typewriter and the telephone.

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One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

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elimination of as much competition as possible.

question

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved

answer

forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard oil or lose their business.

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The first major product of the oil industry was

answer

kerosene.

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Believers in the doctrine of "survival of the fittest," like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, argued that

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the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor.

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During the age of industrialization, the South

answer

remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

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One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was

answer

the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock.

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Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor

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corporations.

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The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the

answer

availability of industrial jobs.

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The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880

answer

were culturally different from previous immigrants.

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The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late nineteenth century were the

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Irish and Chinese.

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While big city political bosses and their machines were often criticized, they proved necessary and effective in the new urban environment because

answer

they were more effective in serving urban immigrants' needs than weak state or local governments.

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The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was

answer

the big city.

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The vast majority of employed female workers in the late nineteenth century were

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single

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The religious denomination that was most positively engaged with the New Immigration was

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Roman Catholics.

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Americans offered growing support for a free public education system

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because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

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During the industrial revolution, life expectancy

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measurably increased.

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One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the

answer

stresses of urban life.

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The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of

answer

middle class women.

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In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they

answer

received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land.

question

The Buffalo Soldiers were

answer

African American cavalry and soldiers who served in the frontier wars.

question

A new round of warfare between the Sioux and U.S. Army began in 1874 when

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Colonel George Custer discovered gold on Sioux land in the Black Hills

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The buffalo were nearly exterminated

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through wholesale butchery by whites.

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The mining frontier played a vital role in

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attracting the first substantial white population to the West.

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One major problem with the Homestead Act was that

answer

160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.

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A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was

answer

the scarcity of water.

question

After exploring much of the West, geologist John Wesley Powell warned in 1874 that

answer

land west of the 100th meridian could not be farmed without extensive irrigation.

question

In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, Americans were disturbed because

answer

the idea of an endlessly open West had been an element of America's history from the beginning.

question

The root cause of the American farmers' problems after 1880 was

answer

low prices and a deflated currency.

question

Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they

answer

were, by nature, highly independent and individualistic.

question

In several states, farmers helped to pass the Granger Laws, which were designed to

answer

regulate railroad rates and grain storage fees.

question

The severe economic depression of the 1890s strengthened the Populists' argument that

answer

wage earners and farmers alike were victims of an oppressive economic system.

question

Jacob Coxey and his army marched on Washington, D.C., to

answer

demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program.

question

President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that

answer

the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.This answer is correct.

question

Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode

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proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people.

question

The Pullman strike created the first instance of

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government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike

question

The depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a

answer

battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.

question

Which of the following was not among the qualifications that helped William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination in 1896? Selected:

answer

He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner

question

Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of the federal government was to

answer

provide aid to big business.

question

All of the following characteristics describe William Jennings Bryan in 1896 except he

answer

disliked the concept of class conflict.

question

Question 25 William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he

answer

eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver.

question

In the election of 1896, the major issue became

answer

free and unlimited coinage of silver.

question

One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election was

answer

the huge financial and propaganda effort of Mark Hanna and the Republicans.

question

The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896 presidential election was

answer

fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause.

question

The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that

answer

a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes.

question

The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by

answer

diminishing voter participation in elections.

question

As president, William McKinley can best be described as

answer

cautious and conservative.

question

The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of

answer

an increase in the international gold supply.

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