question

Progressivism

answer

The movement beginning in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

question

Antimonopoly

answer

Powerful Progressive impulse to limit and disperse wealth. Had much in common with Populism, empowered the government to regulate or break up trusts.

question

Social Cohesion

answer

The strength of the social bonds in society between people of different ethno-cultural backgrounds or socio-economic classes

question

Muckraker

answer

Writer or journalist of the early 1900s who uncovered shameful conditions in business and other areas of American life.

question

Ida Tarbell

answer

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work, A History of Standard Oil.

question

Lincoln Steffens

answer

Famous muckraker who exposed the corruption of political machines in the cities in his book The Shame of the Cities.

question

Social Gospel

answer

Movement that taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization

question

Salvation Army

answer

This welfare organization came to the US from England in 1880 and sought to provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching temperance and morality. Christian based organization.

question

Settlement House Movement

answer

Places that offered social services to urban poor and immigrants- often food, shelter, and basic education. Hull House was the most famous.

question

Jane Adams

answer

Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.

question

Professionalism

answer

Movement that emphasized an imposition of standards, licensing of practitioners, and accreditation of professional schools.

question

The "New Woman"

answer

Product of social and economic changes. Wage earning activity had moved out of house and into factory or office, children enrolled in school at earlier ages, technology (running water, electricity) made housework less of a burden, declining family size.

question

"Boston Marriages"

answer

The relationship between women who lived together, often in long-term, sometimes romantic, relationships.

question

Suffrage

answer

The right to vote in political elections

question

Nineteenth Amendment

answer

1920, guarantees women the right to vote.

question

Secret Ballot

answer

Voters do not reveal who they vote for or how they vote on an issue because their decision is made in private. This keeps the election fair and free from threat or intimidation.

question

Social Democracy

answer

a political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system

question

City Manager Plan

answer

Legislation designed to break up political machines and replace traditional political management of cities with trained professional urban planners and managers.

question

Initiative

answer

Allowed reformers to circumvent state legislation by submitting new legislation directly to the voters in general elections. Increased the power and influence of the electorate.

question

Referendum

answer

Provided a method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval. Gave more power to the voters.

question

Direct Primary

answer

An election in which voters choose candidates to represent each party in a general election

question

Recall

answer

Gave citizens a chance to remove an elected official from office before the person's term ended. Expanded the power of the electorate.

question

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

answer

1911, killed 146 people-- mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Brought attention to the poor working conditions and let to federal regulations to protect workers.

question

Booker T. Washington

answer

Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881.

question

W. E. Du Bois

answer

First African-American to recieve a doctorate. America's foremost black intellectual at the turn of the twentieth century, and an outspoken leader of the black cause. He disagreed with Booker T. Washington's accommodationist posture and called upon blacks to insist on equal rights. He was a founder of the NAACP and editor of its journal, "The Crisis."

question

Eighteenth Amendment

answer

forbid the sale and manufacture of liquor making it illegal in 1919.

question

Anti-lynching Movement

answer

Movement against the illegal mob execution of African Americans in the South, led by Ida B. Wells.

question

Temperance Crusade

answer

Supported mostly by women and employers. Alcohol was viewed as an inhibitor to performance in families and factories; Women's Christian Temperance Union formed; pressed for legislative abolition of saloons.

question

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

answer

A group of women who advocated total abstinence from alcohol and who worked to get laws passed against alcohol. The group also championed other progressive ideas like the eight-hour work day, the regulation of child labour, food safety, and equal marriage and divorce laws.

question

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

answer

founded in 1909 to fight segregation,discrimination, and racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans; brought numberous cases into the US court system to try to break down racial barriers and gain constitutional rights for minorities

question

Eugenics Movement

answer

The idea that a "bad" genetic traits could be bred out and good traits could promoted in order to improve society. Some Americans believed that the society could be improved by controlled breeding. They accomplished this by sterilizing many criminals and the mentally handicapped.

question

Nativism

answer

The belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners.

question

Socialism

answer

A political theory or system in which the means of production and distribution are controlled by the society (usually the government) and operated according to equity and fairness rather than market principles. .

question

Eugene Debs

answer

Leader of the American Railroad Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over. He also ran for president of the US several times as a socialist.

question

Louis Brandeis

answer

Brilliant lawyer and later a justice of the Supreme court spoke and wrote widely about the "curse of bigness." He thought the government should help small businesses. he was the first Jewish Supreme Court Justice.

question

Regulation

answer

Efforts by government to alter the free operation of the market to achieve social goals such as protecting workers and the environment.

question

"Good Trusts" and "Bad Trusts"

answer

If a trust controlled an entire industry but provided good service at reasonable rates, it was a "good" trust to be left alone. Only the "bad" trusts that inflated rates and exploited consumers would come under attack according to Theodore Roosevelt.

question

The Square Deal

answer

Theodore Roosevelt used this term to describe his approach to social problems. It embraced his idealistic view of labour, citizenship, parenthood, and Christian ethics. He first used the term after the settlement of a mining strike in 1902 to describe the ideal of peaceful coexistence between big business and labor unions. The concept became part of the Bull Moose Party platform when Roosevelt became its candidate in 1912.

question

Pure Food and Drug Act

answer

Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. One of the first consumer protection laws.

question

Meat Inspection Act

answer

Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.

question

Conservation

answer

The preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources. Theodore Roosevelt supported the movement in the early 1900s and set aside millions of acreas of wilderness for recreational use.

question

Preservation

answer

Maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible.

question

Gifford Pinchot

answer

One of the country's first scientific foresters, appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1881 as the chief of the newly created Division of Forestry in the Department of Agriculture; worked to develop programs and public interest in conservation, but was fired in 1910 by President William Howard Taft after exposing a supposed scandal

question

National Reclamation Act

answer

backed by Roosevelt in 1902, it provided federal funds for the construction of damns, reservoirs, and canals in the West—projects that would open new lands for cultivation and provide cheap electric power later on.

question

John Muir

answer

He went on a campaign for awareness of the environment; inspired creation of Yosemite National Park; became president of the Sierra Club, which was devoted to conservation.

question

National Forest System

answer

Created in part by Pinchot. Expanded by Roosevelt as a way to protect the landscape for continued and responsible lumbering.

question

National Park System

answer

Created by T. Roosevelt to protect public land from exploitation/development. First national park was Yellowstone in Wyoming. Land was added to parks and new ones were created.

question

Hetch Hetchy Controversy

answer

Controversy over whether to build a dam in a large valley in Yosemite National Park to create a reservoir for San Francisco. The dam was eventually built.

question

Panic of 1907

answer

A serious economic recession, proved the government still had little control over the industrial economy. Conservatives blamed Roosevelt's mad economic policies for the disaster. The president disagreed, but acted quickly to reassure business leaders that he wouldn't interfere with their private recovery efforts.

question

Children's Bureau

answer

A federal agency established by president Taft to investigate and publicize child labor problems.

question

Robert La Follette

answer

The most celebrated state-level reformer who was elected governor of Wisconsin in 1900. Under his leadership the progressives won approval of direct primaries, initiatives, and referendums. He regulated railroads and utilities, passed laws to regulate the workplace and provided workers compensation, instituted graduated taxes on inherited fortunes, and nearly doubled state levies on railroads and other corporate interests. He greatly widened public awareness of progressive goals.

question

New Nationalism

answer

Program that Theodore Roosevelt ran on in the election of 1912; large corporations had to be controlled and regulated by a strong President and the federal government that would protect the rights of women, labor, and children.

question

Election of 1912

answer

Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win.

question

The Progressive Party

answer

Also known as the "Bull Moose" Party, known for its strong commitment to progressive causes that had become popular over the past two decades. The party advocated additional regulation of industry and trusts, sweeping reforms of many areas of government, compensation by the government for workers injured on the job, pensions for the elderly and for widows with children, and women suffrage.

question

New Freedom

answer

Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912. His domestic policy emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal authority, release individual energy, and restore competition. It echoed many of the progressive social-justice objectives while pushing for a free economy rather than a planned one.

question

Federal Reserve Act

answer

1913: A major reform of American banking system. It created twelve regional banks, each to be earned and controlled by the individual banks of its district. The Federal Reserves banks would hold a certain percentage of the assets of their memeber banks in reserve; they would use those reserves to support loans to private banks at an interest or "discount" rate that the Federal Reserve system would set; and they would issue a new set of paper currency--Federal Reserve notes--that would become the nations medium of trade and would be backed by the government.

question

Keatings-Owen Act

answer

1916--Supported by Wilson, the first federal law regulating child labor. Prohibited the shipment of goods produced by underage children across state lines. Court invalidated the Act in 1918.

question

Industrial Workers of the World

answer

Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

APUSH CH. 20: The Progressives (1867-1901) – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards