APUSH 1.3 – Flashcards

The Suffolk Resolves were passed by the first Continental Congress to boycott goods and protest recent taxes. It led to more animosity between the colonists and British.

The olive branch petition was written by the second Continental Congress to the English Parliament. It called for a ceasefire in Boston and a repeal of the coercive act. It was the last attempt at peace before the revolution but it was rejected.

The Albany Plan called for all of the colonies to unite so they could be more powerful. It helped set the foundation for unification during the American Revolution.

This war was fought over colonial claims in the Ohio Valley. The colonists were told that if they supplied the men for the armies, they wouldn't have to pay for the cost of the war. The English taxed them anyways, and this created huge problems for their relationship.

An uprising where Indians attacked a British fort. This made the British weary of the expense of fighting the Native Americans.

This restricted the Westward the movement of the colonists so the British wouldn't have to pay for fighting the Indians over land claims. It took more power away from the colonies, further upsetting colonists.

King George iii was very erratic and unwilling to compromise with the colonists. He contributed to much of the hatred by refusing to repeal taxes on the colonies.

The Writs of Assistance allowed officials to search businesses for smuggled goods without probable cause. Many people operated businesses out of their homes, so their homes could be searched. This angered the colonists because the searches were often unreasonable.

James Otis said, "a man's home is his castle." He led opposition to the Writs of Assistance.

The Sugar Act was an external tax on sugar that led to smuggled sugar from the West Indies. It also implemented vice admiralty courts for punishment. This caused much dissent.

People accused of smuggling were tried in vice admiralty courts in Nova Scotia where the judges got 5% of the smuggled goods. The trials weren't fair, which caused more discontent with the colonists.

George Grenville was the British Prime Minister who helped pass the Stamp Act. This act was protested heavily through boycotts.

The stamp act was a tax levied on the colonies on all paper goods. The goods would be marked with a special stamp. The Stamp Act Congress was when representatives from 9 colonial assemblies met to discuss the act and its implications. They agreed that Britain had no right to tax the colonies without their consent.

Britain's idea that even though the colonies had no actual representatives in Parliament, they were still represented. Essentially they believed that the members of Parliament spoke for all members of Britain as an empire rather than from only where they were elected.

A Virginia lawyer and planter who lobbied the House of Burgesses to adopt resolutions denying Britain the power to levy taxes against the colonies.

A group of middle class people that joined together to fight the Stamp Act in various ways. This included burning effigies and destruction of property.

Groups that formed throughout the colonies that were dedicated to prevent such violent uprisings like those that had occurred in Boston with Hutchinson's house. They all agreed that they would not carry weapons and focus only on destroying property while not harming anyone and allowing their victims to escape.

Affirmed Parliament's ability to tax the colonies in all cases whatsoever. Was passed following the revocation of the Stamp Act.

Townshend became chancellor of the treasury after the health of William Pitt began to fail in 1767. The Townshend duties were external taxes that were levied on imports to the colonies. These imports included glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. Boycotts against goods from Britain ensued.

Townshend introduced legislation creating this. It raised the number of port officials, provided funds for the creation of a colonial coast guard, and provided money for secret informers. Informers also got one third of the goods from a ship accused of smuggling. Charges of smuggling would also be tried in Vice Admiralty Courts.

Custom officials would lull the sailors and ship captains into a false sense of security, and then, for no apparent reason, clamp down on regulations very strictly. This allowed them to seize all sorts of cargo 'for legal' reasons.

Sam Adams was a key figure to the spread of news between the colonies. He suggested the committees of correspondence be formed. He was also known for being an important leader in the Sons of Liberty.

Besides becoming the second president in the new United States, this Adams was important in persuading the Continental Congress to declare independance. Because he was a prominent lawyer in Boston, he was named to the Continental Congress.

North was the Prime Minister of Britain during the American Revolution. He was in favor of many of the taxes and acts that were key in the rising tentions that were present in America.

Hancock was a prominent member of American society before he became known as a revolutionary. He was a signer of the Declaration and twice a governor of Massachusetts.

Attucks is known because he was the first person to be killed by the English in the Boston Massacre. The Boston Massacre was a snowball fight between the Redcoats in Bostons and the Bostonians themselves until an unknown person fired off a shot. After a few minutes of fighting, 11 American civilians lay dead or dying. This furthered the tensions that already existed between the British Soldiers and the American Colonists.

The committees of correspondence were key in the organization and communication of the Colonies. They worked together between the 13 colonies to send responses back to England and in setting up the new Colonial governments that would eventually supersede the ones that had been shackled by various acts of Britain.

The Tea Act was introduced by Parliament to help the faltering East India company out of bankruptcy by giving them a monopoly on tea importation. They also placed a small tax on the tea to help pay for the French and Indian war. This actually lowered the price of tea in the colonies. However, the colonists were so outraged at having been taxed with no say in the matter, decided to boycott all British tea. The Boston Tea Party was an event were a number of Bostonians quietly sneaked onto a British merchant ship that was carrying Tea. They then proceeded to dump all of the chests into Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act.

Dunmore was the governor of Virginia who promised to free slaves who helped the British instead of the colonists. This proclamation showed that guaranteeing freedom can gain support for a side in a conflict. In this case, that side was the British.

This included the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act. The Boston Port act closed Boston's port, the Massachusetts Government Act appointed Thomas Gage as governor, the Administration of Justice Act stated that people had to be tried for crimes in a different place, and the Quartering Act forced people to house British soldiers. These were significant because they fueled resistance in the colonies and showed the tightening grip of the British.

These were small colonial armies that were ready to respond to any conflicts quickly. They were called early to face the British at Lexington and Concord. These people were important because they defined early revolutionary resistance and showed that the resistance would be difficult to crush.

He and William Dawes warned people at Concord to prepare for the British soldiers. Without Revere, the minutemen and people at Concord may not have been ready to face the British troops in the early stages of fighting.

At Lexington, the British wanted to go after the supplies there, but they encountered minutemen in a small fight. When they moved to Concord, there was more resistance, and the battle there involved British troops chasing the soldiers to Boston. This was significant because these first battles got everybody's attention in the colonies and increased support.

Common Sense reinforced the idea of the tyrannical rule of the king due to the monarch system. It also tried to reassure that America can survive without Britain, and a new nation can be a role model for other nations and government systems. This was an extremely important document because it convinced people who were weary about joining the revolution to finally give in to the cause.

After the battles of Lexington and Concord, this Congress drew up the Olive Branch Petition. It called for an end to fighting and the Coercive Acts as well as a call for basic civil rights. The Second Continental Congress also created an organized Continental Army.

Richard Henry Lee suggested that be created, and it was voted on by members of Congress on July 2nd, 1776. Jefferson was the main author, and in the document he completely separated the United States from Britain and accused the king of many acts of tyranny over the colonists. He also emphasized people's natural rights and the idea that these rights could not be achieved under Britain's rule.