Nervous System Anatomy
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Nerves
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Bundles of axons and their sheaths which extend from the central nervous system
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Ganglia
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Collections of neuron cell bodies which are outside of the central nervous system
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Spinal nerves
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Nerves which originate from the spinal cord
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Cranial nerves
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Nerves which originate from the brain
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Afferent neurons
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Neurons which transmit action potentials from the sensory organs to the central nervous system
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Efferent neurons
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Neurons which transmit action potentials from central nervous system to the effector organs
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Somatic motor nervous system
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The system that transmits action potentials from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles
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Autonomic nervous system
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The system that transmits action potentials from the central nervous system to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
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Sympathetic division
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Division of the autonomic nervous system that generally prepares the body for physical activity
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Parasympathetic division
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Division of the autonomic nervous system that regulates resting and nutrition-related functions such as digestion, defecation, and urination
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Association neuron
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A neuron that conducts action potentials from one neuron to another neuron within the central nervous system
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Excitability
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The ability to create an action potential in response to a stimulus
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Potential difference
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A measure of the charge difference across the cell membrane
