APHG Exam Study Cards – Flashcards
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| SPACE |
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| THE PHYSICAL GAP OR INTERVAL BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS; THE GEOMETRIC SPACE OF EARTH |
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| SCALE |
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. GENERALLY, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PORTION OF EARTH BEING STUDIED AND EARTH AS A WHOLE, SPECIFICALLY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SIZE OF AN OBJECT ON A MAP AND THE SIZE OF THE ACTUAL FEATURE ON EARTH'S SURFACE. |
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| REMOTE SENSING |
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| THE AQUISITION OF DATA ABOUT EARTH'S SURFACE FROM A SATELLITE ORBITING THE PLANET OR OTHER LONG-DISTANCE METHODS |
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| RELATIVE LOCATION |
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| THE LOCATION OF A PLACE COMPARED TO A KNOWN PLACE OR GEOGRAPHIC FEATURE |
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| REGION |
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| AN AREA DISTINGUISHED BY A UNIQUE COMBINATION OF OF TRENDS OR FEATURES |
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| TOPONYM |
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| THE NAME GIVEN TO A PORTION OF EARTH'S SURFACE |
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| PLACE |
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| A SPECIFIC POINT ON EARTH DISTINGUISHED BY A PARTICULAR CHARACTER |
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| PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY |
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| THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE PER UNIT OF AREA OF ARABLE LAND, WHICH IS LAND SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE |
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| MENTAL MAP |
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| AN INTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF A PORTION OF EARTH'S SURFACE BASED ON WHAT AN INDIVIDUAL KNOWS ABOUT A PLACE, CONTAINING PERSONAL IMPRESSIONS OF WHAT IS IN A PLACE AND WHERE PLACES ARE LOCATED |
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| ABSOLUTE LOCATION |
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| LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE |
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| ARITHMETIC DENSITY |
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| THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE DIVIDED BY THE TOTAL LAND AREA |
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| CULTURAL LANDSCAPE |
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| FASHIONING OF A NATURAL LANDSCAPE BY A CULTURAL GROUP |
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| DIFFUSION |
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| THE PROCESS OF SPREAD OF A FEATURE OR TREND FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER OVER TIME |
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| DISTANCE DECAY |
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| THE DIMINISHING IN IMPORTANCE AND EVENTUAL DISAPPEARANCE OF A PHENOMENON WITH INCREASING DISTANCE FROM ITS ORIGIN |
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| GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) |
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| A COMPUTER SYSTEM THAT STORES, ORGANIZES, ANALYZES, AND DISPLAYS GEOGRAPHIC DATA |
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| GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) |
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| A SYSTEM THAT DETERMINES THE PRECISE POSITION OF SOMETHING ON EARTH THROUGH A SERIES OF SATELLITES, TRACKING STATIONS, AND RECEIVERS |
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| GRAVITY MODEL |
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| A MODEL THAT HOLDS THAT THE POTENTIAL USE OF A SERVICE AT A PARTIULAR LOCATION IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN A LOCATION AND INVERSELY RELATED TO THE DISTANCE PEOPLE MUST TRAVEL TO REACH THE SERVICE |
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| SEQUENT OCCUPANCY |
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| THE SUCCESSION OF GROUPS AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES THROUGHOUT A PACE'S HISTORY |
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| FORMAL REGION |
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| THE SPATIAL DEFINITION IS AN AREA OF BOUNDED SPACE THAT POSSESSES SOME HOMOGENOUS CHARACTERISTIC OR UNIFORMITY |
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| LINGUISTIC REGION |
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| EVERYONE SPEAKS THE SAME LANGUAGE BUT GROUPS IN THAT REGION CAN BE VERY DIFFERENT CULTURALLY |
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| CULTURE REGIONS |
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| TEND TO HAVE FUZZY BORDERS; EX. THE BORDER BETWEEN DIXIE AND "THE NORTH" IN THE US |
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| POLITICAL REGIONS |
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| FINITE AND WELL-DEFINED; EX. BETWEEN CANADA AND THE US; THE US AND MEXICO |
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| ENVIRONMENTAL REGION |
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| TRANSITIONAL AND MEASURABLE |
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| ECOTONE |
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| THE ENVIRONMNTAL TRANSITION ZONE BETWEEN TWO BIOREGIONS, OR BIOMES |
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| FUNCTIONAL REGIONS |
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| ALSO CALLED NODAL REGIONS; AREAS THAT HAVE A CENTRAL PLACE OR NODE THAT IS A FOCUS OR POINT OF ORIGIN THAT EXPRESSES SOME PRACTICAL PURPOSE; EX. MARKET AREA |
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| VERNACULAR REGION |
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| BASED UPON THE PERCEPTION OR COLLECTIVE MENTAL MAP OF THE REGION'S RESIDENTS |
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| RELATIVE LOCATION |
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| REFERS TO THE LOCATION OF A PLACE COMPARED TO A KNOWN PLACE OR GEOGRAPHIC FEATURE |
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| DECIMAL DEGREES |
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| WHEN DECIMALS ARE USED TO DIVIDE PARTIAL DEGREES INSTEAD OF MINUTES AND SECONDS |
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| PRIME MERIDIAN |
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| 0 DEGREES LONGITUDE, RUNS THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN BECAUSE THE OTHER MEANS TO ACCURATELY CALCLUATE LONGITUDE AT SEA WAS DEVELOPED BY THE BRITISH ROYAL NAVY |
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| SITE |
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| THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A PLACE |
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| SITUATION |
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| LOCATION OF A PLACE RELATIVE TO OTHER PLACES |
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| DISTANCE DECAY |
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| THE FURTHER AWAY DIFFERENT PLACES ARE FROM A PLACE OF ORIGIN, THE LESS LIKELY WILL BE WITH THE ORIGINAL PLACE |
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| TOBLER'S LAW |
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| STATES THAT ALL PLACES ARE INTERRELATED, BUT CLOSER PLACES ARE MORE RELATED THAN FURTHER ONES |
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| FRICTION OF DISTANCE |
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| THE LENGTH OF DISTANCE BECOMES A FACTOR THAT INHIBITS THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO POINTS |
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| SPACE-TIME COMPRESSION |
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| DECREASED TIME AND RELATIVE DISTANCE BETWEEN PLACES |
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| MODES OF TRANSPORTATION |
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| AIRPLANES AND TRAINS; CAN REDURE TRAVEL TIME BETWEEN TWO DISTANT POINTS, AND AS A RESULT, INCREASE INTERACTION |
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| CENTRAL PLACES |
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| ANY NODE OF HUMAN ACTIVITY; THE CENTERS OF ECONOMIC EXCHANGE |
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| CENTRAL PLACE THEORY |
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| DEVELOPED IN THE 1930S BY WALTER CHRISTALLER. IN THE MODEL, CITY LOCATION AND THE LEVEL OF URBAN ECONOMIC EXCHANGE COULD BE ANALYZED USING CENTRAL PLACES WITH HEXAGONAL MARKET AREAS, WHICH OVERLAPPED AT DIFFERENT SCALES. |
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| CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD) |
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| THE AREA OF A CITY WHERE RETAIL AND OFFICE ACTIVITIES ARE CLUSTERED |
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| AGRICULTURAL DENSITY |
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| THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE PER SQUARE UNIT OF LAND ACTIVITY UNDER CULTIVATION |
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| HEARTH |
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| POINT OF ORIGIN, A PLACE OF INNOVATION |
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| EXPANSION DIFFUSION |
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| THE SPREAD OF A FEATURE OR TREND AMONG PEOPLE FROM ONE AREA TO ANOTHER IN A SNOWBALLING PROCESS |
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| HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION |
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| THE SPREAD OF A FEATURE OR TREND FROM ONE KEY PERSON OR NODE OR AUTHORITY TO OTHER PERSONS OR PLACES |
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| RELOCATION DIFFUSION |
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| THE SPREAD OF A FEATURE OR TREND THROUGH BODILY MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER |
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| CONTAGIOUS DIFFUSION |
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| THE RAPID, WIDESPREAD DIFFUSION OF A FEATURE OR TREBD THROUGHOUT A POPULATION |
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| STIMULUS DIFFUSION |
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| THE DIFFUSION OF AN UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE, EVEN THOUGH A SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTIC IS REJECTED |
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| EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION |
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| ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN THE RELATIVE SPATIAL SCIENCE AND THE AREAS ON A MAP |
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| CONFORMAL PROJECTIONS |
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| ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN THE SHAPE OF POLYGONS ON THE MAP |
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| MODEL |
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| AN ABSTRACT GENERALIZATION OF REAL WORLD GEOGRAPHIES THAT SHARE A COMMON PATTERN |
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| SPATIAL MODEL |
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| ATTEMPTS TO SHOW THE COMMONALITIES IN PATTERN AMONG SIMILAR LANDSCAPES |
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| DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL |
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| USES POPULATION DATA TO CONSTRUCT A GENERAL MODEL OF THE DYNAMIC GROWTH IN NATIONAL SCALE POPULATIONS WITHOUT REFERENCE TO SPACE |
