APEH chapter 25 book quiz – Flashcards

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Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany was slowed by
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the steady success of the Weimar regime
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Which development of the 1920s made it easier for ordinary people to obtain new consumer goods such as refrigerators, washing machines, and stoves?
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Installment buying allowed families to pay for goods over time.
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The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in March 1917 and the collapse of the Romanov dynasty in Russia led to
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the creation of the Provisional Government, made up of aristocratic and middle-class politicians from the old Duma.
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What did the German high command do in October 1918 to deflect blame for Germany's total defeat away from the military?
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They helped create an inexperienced civilian government and then claimed that weak-willed civilians had dealt the military a "stab in the back" by forcing a surrender.
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The Russian civil war pitted which two groups against each other?
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The pro-Bolshevik "Reds" against the "Whites," who were made up of an array of forces that wanted to turn back the revolution, including the tsarist military leadership
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In the 1920s, radio broadcasts were
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initially heard in public theaters and halls but soon were heard in private homes when receivers became inexpensive enough for consumers.
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Following the official end of hostilities on November 11, 1918, the world experienced another devastating blow with the death of some one hundred million more people as a result of
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an influenza epidemic.
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In 1916, the battles at Verdun and the Somme not only accounted for more than two million soldiers dead and wounded, but they also reflected
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military leaders' belief that the war could be won with a single overwhelming victory.
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Among all the combatants the world over, which country suffered the greatest number of casualties, with some 7.5 million dead during World War I?
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Russia
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Why did right-wing parties have less influence in France and Britain than elsewhere in Europe?
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Parliamentary institutions were better established in France and Britain, and their upper classes were not plotting to restore authoritarian monarchies.
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How did women's participation in the war effort on the home front affect debates over gender roles?
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The press praised women's patriotism, but many objected to women in the workplace, fearing they would lose their femininity, steal men's jobs, and cause social disorder.
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U.S. president Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points called for
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a fair settlement for Germany and a restructuring of the European system that emphasized open diplomacy, arms reduction, and self-determination for national groups.
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Which of the following was true of post-World War I European economies?
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Although the European economies were weakened, the war forced them to modernize, pushing industry to become more productive and efficient.
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The Italian Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) placed its greatest emphasis on which of the following principles?
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"Virile" action and nationalist opposition to undesirable groups and ways of life
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Why was World War I called a "total war"?
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The entire industrial capacity of participating states, along with all civilian and military personnel, was mobilized to fight the war.
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The novels of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf
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illuminated the fast-moving inner lives of their characters.
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In many European countries, women were "rewarded" for their efforts in World War I with which of the following new rights?
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The right to vote
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Why was the League of Nations weakened at the outset?
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The United States, the Soviet Union, and Germany did not or could not participate.
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What did the Dawes Plan (1924), the Treaty of Locarno (1925), and the Young Plan (1929) attempt to accomplish?
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The correction of some of the more punitive provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
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In 1921, after three years of fighting Irish republicans, the British drew up a treaty that
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made Ireland a self-governing dominion and let Northern Ireland retain seats in the British Parliament.
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Why did Russia's Provisional Government lose popular support?
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It failed to any win military victories.
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What techniques did soldiers in the trenches adopt to manage the extreme conditions and miseries of prolonged trench warfare?
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They developed strong bonds of male camaraderie with their fellow soldiers that overcame traditional class and race distinctions.
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Throughout Europe, the experience of veterans who returned home after World War I was
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almost universally negative, as even in the victor countries soldiers arrived home to face enormous social changes and few jobs open to them.
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In April 1917, the Germans moved to destabilize Russia by
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providing safe rail transportation back to Russia for V. I. Lenin and other Bolsheviks.
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What was the single most significant aspect of German military policy in terms of its provocative effect on the United States and subsequent U.S. involvement in the war?
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Unrestricted submarine warfare
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What role did colonized peoples under European rule play in World War I?
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They fought on battlegrounds in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe as uniformed soldiers for their colonial rulers.
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The "cult of the offensive," a strategy that officers on both sides in World War I wholeheartedly adopted, was uniquely unsuited to
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the advanced weaponry developed since the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War.
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What major issue challenged the stability of the Weimar Republic from the beginning?
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The Weimar government relied on street violence, paramilitary groups, and protests rather than parliaments to solve political problems.
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How did Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) break with his war communism policy?
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It reversed the policy of absolute nationalization and allowed some free-market activity.
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What changes did Lenin and the Bolshevik government institute in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution in the fall of 1917?
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They used troops to take over the government, limited elected candidates to members of the Communist Party, abolished private property, and nationalized factories.
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Which of the following best describes the new republics of eastern Europe during the 1920s?
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They struggled to accommodate the arrival of hundreds of thousands of postwar refugees, most of whom had neither land nor jobs.
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Although the combatants in the Great War had individual objectives, in the end they all had which common aim?
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To secure wealth and power for the postwar era
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Future German leader Adolf Hitler first gained attention in Germany for what political event?
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The Beer Hall Putsch in Munich
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What impact did World War I have on European colonialism?
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It convinced Europeans of the necessity of their colonies but also pushed colonized peoples who had fought in the war to demand more rights and even independence.
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What allowed Benito Mussolini, the leader of the Fascists in Italy, to become prime minister in 1922?
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His followers marched on Rome and forced the king to make him prime minister.
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In his last will and testament, Lenin asked his comrades to find a way to remove which Communist Party leader from power?
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Joseph Stalin
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Which of the following countries remained a monarchy after World War I ended?
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Great Britain
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What was one of the lasting effects of World War I?
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Certain military terms and soldiers' slang entered common usage, such as lousy, trenchcoat, rank and file, and basket case.
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Which of the following was a major source of discontent in the cities across Europe in the spring of 1917?
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Food shortages and deteriorating living conditions
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One of the main tasks of the League of Nations was the administration of the mandate system, which entailed
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exercising political control over the former colonies and territories of Germany and the Ottoman Empire, which the Europeans claimed were not yet capable of self-governance.
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Which countries made up the Allied Powers at the outbreak of World War I?
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France, Great Britain, and Russia
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Which of the following is an example of how European governments mobilized civilians on the home front to help fight World War I?
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War ministries set up boards to draft both men and women to work in factories to keep industrial production moving.
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What was the major tactical strategy at the heart of the German military's Schlieffen Plan?
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To aim a concentrated blow against France that was expected to achieve that nation's defeat in six weeks, accompanied by a light holding action against Russia to the east
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The Peace of Paris, which was composed of a cluster of individual treaties negotiated between 1919 and 1920, redrew the map of Europe in which of the following ways?
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The treaties broke up the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires, separating Austria and Hungary and creating several weak, independent states in central Europe, such as Czechoslovakia and a reconstructed Poland.
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What does the artwork of George Grosz and other members of the Dada movement reflect?
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Postwar rage and revulsion at the apparent failure of civilization
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The inflation in 1923 that made German currency worthless occurred when the German government printed trillions of marks in an effort to
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ensure that workers were paid and keep up with reparations payments, even though the government knew the currency was valueless.
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed by Germany and Russia early in 1918,
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pulled Russia out of the war and changed the balance of World War I.
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Of all the penalties imposed by the Treaty of Versailles, the one that generated the most outrage in Germany was the
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so-called war guilt clause.
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Which country initially sided with the Central Powers but ended up joining the Allies in 1915 in hopes of postwar gain?
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Italy
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What impact did the total war have on gender roles?
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Women were more independent, joined formerly male occupations, adopted practical hairstyles and clothing, and sought greater political and social freedoms.
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