AP World Practice Final Part 2 – Flashcards
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Paleolithic humans A. domesticated animals B. discovered agriculture C. were organized around a well-defined social hierarchy D. were a female-dominated society E. were foragers
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E
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A common thread woven throughout the history of early humans in the Paleolithic Age was A. the use of language. B. the desire to control the environment. C. the belief in the afterlife. D. the creation of towns. E. the lack of technology.
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B
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Agriculture during the Neolithic Age resulted in all of the following EXCEPT A. the specialization of labor B. the rise of towns C. a decrease in population D. increased social contacts E. the development of trade
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C
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An archaeologist using DNA evidence as the basis of his research could link the DNA of modern humans with that of A. Homo habilis B. Homo erectus C. Australopithecus D. Homo sapiens sapiens (Cro-Magnon Man) E. Homo sapiens (Neanderthal Man)
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D
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The skeleton of Lucy is an early humanlike being that A. walked upright B. believed in an afterlife C. cultivated crops D. knew the use of the wheel E. domesticated animals
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A
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The following are true of the Hyksos EXCEPT A. they ended Egypt's confidence in natural barriers B. they ruled Egypt as pharaohs C. they were able to conquer Egypt because of power struggles of among the pharaohs D. they created a new language that was a synthesis of the Hyksos and Egyptian tongues E. they introduced chariots to the Egyptians
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D
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All of the earliest agricultural societies A. were polytheistic B. engaged only in regional trade C. used pictographs as their form of writing D. grew up in river valleys E. developed unstratified social structures
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A
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With regard to the views of ancient Chinese philosophies concerning government, A. Daoism would be confident of the efficiency of democratic government. B. Confucianism would be supportive of revolutionary change. C. Legalism would be likely to favor an autocratic ruler. D. Daoism would favor a strong central government. E. Legalism would support freedom of the press.
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C
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The following are true of the Shang dynasty EXCEPT that A. it left bronze artifacts displaying detailed craftsmanship B. it was a socially stratified society C. it ruled the northeastern portion of China D. it was the first Chinese dynasty to leave written records E. it used the concept of the mandate of heaven to justify its rule
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E
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Hinduism and Buddhism are similar in that they both A. center their beliefs around a moral code B. uphold the caste system as a manifestation of one's true virtue C. emphasize the joy that life holds for faithful followers D. are based upon a personal relationship with a deity E. offer salvation in the afterlife for believers
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A
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All of the following were true of women in Bantu society EXCEPT A. They were respected as sources of life B. They could engage in military combat C. They were prohibited from positions of power D. They participated in long-distance trade E. They participated with men in the harvesting of crops
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C
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Confucianism and early Buddhism A. became the dominant philosophy of their respective regions B. emphasized the importance of effective government C. included a belief in nirvana D. did not believe that their founders were gods E. elevated the status of women
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D
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Daoism and Confucianism A. agreed on the importance of education B. disagreed on the need for personal reflection C. taught that active political involvement was essential to a stable society D. agreed on how to address the turmoil after the fall of the Zhou dynasty E. based their teachings on Chinese traditions
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E
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The Persians A. were noted for their harsh treatment toward conquered peoples B. continued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia C. introduced a new religion similar to the structure of Hinduism D. failed to establish a unified empire E. focused their commercial activity on trade with China
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B
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During the Gupta dynasty A. Arabic numerals originated in India B. Slavery increased C. Hinduism and Buddhism became the official religions of India D. The government of India became more centralized E. The status of women improved
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A
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The Persians A. were noted for their harsh treatment toward conquered peoples B. continued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia C. introduced a new religion similar to the structure of Hinduism D. failed to establish a unified empire E. focused their commercial activity on trade with China
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B
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The Hellenistic empire of Alexander A. continued the competition with Persia begun under the Greek poleis B. was successful in curbing foreign influence upon Greece C. produced theories that accurately explained the nature of the universe D. blended Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures E. strengthened its hold upon the Mediterranean world after alexander's death
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D
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The Silk Roads were especially instrumental in the spread of A. polytheism B. Confucianism C. Daoism D.Buddhism E. Judaism
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D
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The decline of Gupta India A. saw the increased power of local princes B. resulted in the decline of traditional Indian culture C. unlike Rome, did not result in the fragmentation of the country D. occurred without pressure from invading peoples E. resulted in a decline in the popularity of Hinduism
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A
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Silk Road trade A. flourished in spite of constant interferences from nomadic tribes B. was confined to land routes across Asia C. bypassed Mesopotamia D. established links between the empires of Han China and Rome E. linked North Africa with Rome
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D
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Indian Ocean trade A. linked all areas of the Indian Ocean basin except Africa B. saw mariners utilize the geographic forces of the Indian Ocean C. declined with the fall of classical empires D. failed to establish connections with land routes E. concentrated on trade among neighboring peoples rather than long-distance trade
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B
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The decline of Han China A. saw the end of Chinese established traditions B. like Rome, saw invaders permanently dominate the empire C. witnessed Daoism rather than Confucianism gaining popularity D. was the end of Chinese dynastic rule E. resulted in the decline of Buddhism in China
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C
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Shang China A. developed numerous artistic works even though they did not know the use of metals B. left no decipherable written works C. was prevented by natural barriers from trading with other early civilizations D. contributed to the development of central government in China E. was less urbanized than the Nile valley civilization
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D
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The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization A. in its reliance on natural defense barriers B. in its system of social stratification C. in its political structure D. in the extent to which its culture was diffused E. in the nature of the flood pattern of its major rivers
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B
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The earliest civilizations in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in A. their location at similar latitudes B. their technological knowledge C. their reliance on the flooding of major rivers in their midst D. their practice of polytheism E. the extent of their trade contacts with neighboring peoples
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D
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Why are the Bantus important to African culture? A. They ruled Egypt for thousands of years. B. They built the major cities in Tunisia. C. They come the closest to resembling a common cultural source in sub-Saharan Africa. D. They were the first civilization to use numerals. E. All of the above
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C
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about Hinduism? A. It draws from many different religious traditions. B. It was founded in isolation from other religions. C. It originated in China. D. It was founded in 1500 BCE. E. It is monotheistic.
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A
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Daoist thought is A. based on reason B. only proclaimed by the one god, Dao C. based exclusively on Confucianism D. largely antirational E. intrinsically linked to Islam
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D
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Civilization is marked by I. an intellectual tradition, generally including a written language. II. an economic system that makes available basic goods and services III. a tendency to use violence to resolve conflict IV. a moral code V. a form of political organizationA. I, II, III, and IV B. II, III, IV, and V C. I, II, IV, and V D. I, III, IV, and V E. all of the above
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C
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The "Out of Africa" thesis A. argues that modern humans appeared throughout the world at the same time B. proposes that modern humans emerged in Africa C. submits that only Neanderthal emerged in Africa D. argues that crops were first cultivated in Africa E. proposes that only the most primitive human behavior originated in Africa
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B
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Which of the following would NOT be associated with the "Neolithic revolution"? A. the discovery of techniques to refine steel B. the domestication of many types of animal C. the widespread adoption of agriculture D. the emergence of the first cities E. rapid population growth
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A
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How did pastoralism affect early social development? A. Herding societies tended to settle on particular lands, and thus civilization emerged relatively quickly. B. Pastoralism led to the adoption of a monotheistic approach to religion. C. No pastoral societies mixed animal husbandry with the domestication of plants. D. Herding societies tended to migrate frequently, and thus societies took longer to emerge. E. Pastoral societies tended to be led by women.
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D
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Which of the following is an incorrect description of agricultural societies? A. Agriculture allowed humans to manipulate their environment as never before. B. Women probably played a key role in promoting the transition from hunting and gathering to agricultural societies. C. Agriculture promoted permanent settlements. D. People began producing their own food nearly 12,00 years ago. E. Agricultural societies were less organized than hunter-gatherer societies.
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E
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Indian caste system? A. Its top stratum was the untouchables. B. Its top stratum was the Sikhs. C. People enjoyed social mobility. D. All Aryans were in the untouchable caste. E. There was virtually no social mobility
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E
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In 3100 BCE, the history of Egypt is said to have begun when A. Cleopatra met Mark Antony. B. King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt C. the Old Kingdom began. D. the Egyptians rebelled against Hyksos rule.
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B
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One of the main innovative ideas of Hammurabi's law code was that A. the ruler's will is to be followed at all costs B. the upper classes are to have the most rights C. the lower clases were to have special priveleges D. a consistent set of regulations should govern society E. anyone who spoke against the king would be executed
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D
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Which people developed the world's first true alphabet? A. the Lydians B. the Phoenecians C. the Hebrews D. the Persians E. the Egyptians
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B
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What do many researchers now think brought about the fall of Indus River society? A. fighting between the Hindus and Sikhs B. outside invasions from Mesopotamia C. environmental factors D. population growth E. all of the above
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C
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Why was the Zhou dynasty in China so long-lived? A. It innovated technology and increased China's political sophistication by obligating the leader to rule fairly B. Its leaders were ruthless. C. It did not have to contend with the conflicting dictates of Confucianism. D. It prevented average people from acquiring weapons. E. It actually was very short-lived
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A
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What development marked the end of the Bronze Age? A. the first use of tools B. the use of iron C. the beginning of agriculture D. the invention of the wheel E. the adoption of the earliest form of writing
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B
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The decline of the Zhou dynasty in China paralleled that of India's Gupta dynasty. What were the primary similarities? A. They were threatened by internal rebellions and overthrown by military insurrections. B. They spread themselves too thinly in continued conquests of neighboring states. C. Their territories were gradually taken from them by their neighbors. D. They were overwhelmed by internal financial problems when their currencies became devalued. E. Invasions from central Asia nomads allowed provincial governors to form independent states.
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E
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Why were women proably the first farmers? A. Women had more free time than men and therefore had more time to experiment. B. Women had traditionally been gatherers and therefore understood plantcycles and the eeffects of sun, rain, and temperature on plant growth. C. Women had more patience and therefore were better suited to farming life which requires farmers to work hard then wait for plants to grow. D. Women had mastered the raising of animals and now could concentrate on food production. E. Women had smaller hands, which were necessary to tend and harvest crops which were planted on small hills or tight rows.
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B
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A key geographic difference between ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Harappan, and Chinese society was that A. Egypt and China were more isolated and therefore protected by their environment than were Mesopotamians and Harappans. B. while the Egyptians and Mesopotamians were river valley civilizations, the Harappans and Chinese had to rely on irrigation to produce ample food. C. the Mesopotamians and Chinese developed vast trading networks, because their rivers were more navigable than the Nile or the Indus Rivers. D. the Chinese and Mesopotamians could produce multiple crops each season because of the steady and predictable flooding of their rivers. E. the Egyptians and the Mesopotamians built tall pounded-earth walls to protect their cities because there were few natural barriers to invasion.
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A
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Which of the following civilizatons was governed by a city-state structure? A. ancient Egypt and classical Greece B. ancient Mesoptoamia and ancient Egypt C. Classical Rome and Han China D. ancient Mesopotamia and Bantu Africa E. Classical Greece and ancient Mesopotamia
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E
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Women in which of the following societies enjoyed the greatest amount of personal freedom? A. ancient Egypt B. ancient Mesopotamia C. Aryan India D. Classical Greece E. Rome during the republic
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A
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Which of the following religious traditions relied on a strong missionary movement and was considered a religion of salvation? A. Hinduism and Judaism B. Buddhism and Daosm C. Confucianism and Christianity D. Daoism and Christianity E. Buddhism and Christianity
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E
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One key role of the caste system, which was unlike other systems of social inequality in the ancient world, was that the caste system. A. had a religious justification rather than one based on race. B. served to maintain order and stability as political systems did in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China. C. relied on support from the government to enforce its rules and restrictions unlike the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China. D. did not develop further groups and subgroups as did the systems of social equality in classical Greece and Rome. E. was denounced in holy texts like the Vedas but remained in Indian tradition because of its economic benefits to the nation
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B
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An essential distinction between Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism was that A. Confucianism is an indigenous religion to China, but Daoism and Buddhism arrived from India. B. Confucius was most interested in the structure of the state, while Daoists and Buddhists shunned political involvement. C. Confucius's goal was social order while Daoism and Buddhism were much less interested in society. D. Confucianism and Buddhism promised a glorious afterlife, but Daoism did not. E. Confucius was seen as a god, while Daoism and Buddhism do not rely on deities.
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C
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How did the Qin state become dominant in China? A. through cooperation with neighboring states B. by genocide aimed at other strong states C. by gradual conquest of other states D. through its diplomacy that encouraged allies to help E. by offering social reform to the peoples of other states
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C
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Among the many accomplishments of the First Emperor, which one persisted into the Han dynasty? A. formation of administrative districts B. adherence to Legalism C. persecution of dissenters D. suppression of Confucianism E. elaborate burial procedures
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A
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Despite his scorn for other classes, Qin Shihuangdi failed to consider the concerns of the average peasant. Which of the following most aggravated them? A. taxation policy that favored the scholars B. paranoia that led to the persecution of officials C. massive conscription for public works D. economic policies that favored trade E. policy of persecution of educated people
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C
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While the Qin was already weakened by earlier dissent and rebellions, what allowed Liu Bang, the founder of the Han dynasty, to produce its ultimate defeat? A. better equipment B. larger armies C. charismatic leadership D. little competition E. a devoted army
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E
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Han Wudi is recognized as the strongest Han empeor. What would be his most important contribution to the administration of later dynasties? A. the conquest of northern Korea and Vietnam B. the formation of a Confucian educational system C. the continuation of Qin road building D. the example of how to defeat central Asian nomads E. the establoshment of imperial monopolies on iron and salt
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B
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Despite the change in dynasties, domestic life changed very little. Chinese patriarchy continued and was supported by A. the Confucian classics B. the Daoist principles C. the governmental enforcement D. the Legalist ideas E. the imperial edicts
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A
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Several technologies improved trade and commerce for the Han, including A. compasses B. bronze tools C. sericulture D. wheeled vehicles E. improved ships
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C
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The Han Dynasty began its decline when it could not solve the problem of A. military weakness B. enormous taxation C. drought and plague D. land distribution E. weak rulers
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D
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What does Buddhist doctrine hold as the root of all suffering? A. disease B. aging C. violence D. desire E. castes
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D
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Buddhism appealed to many common people because A. the life of a monk or nun was easy to follow B. it downplayed social caste, and emphasized individual freedoms C. most people were looking for an opportunity to worship one god D. it accepted the prevailing social order E. it was promoted by the Guptas
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B
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The Gupta Empire was primarily different from the Maurya in size. What was another significant difference? A. its rural economic focus B. the status of women C. its emphasis on Buddhism D. its intolerance to new religions E. its dependence on local governance
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E
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During the period between 321 BCE and 550 CE, India went through enormous economic growth in A. its rural economic focus B. the status of women C. it emphasis on Buddhism D. its intolerance to new religions E. its dependence on local governance
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E
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After his conversion to Buddhism, what was Ashoka's greatest support of Buddhism? A. support for its missionary efforts B. elimination of social castes C. persecution of Hindus D. promotion of Jainist principles as a secondary faith E. religious tolerance throughout India
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A
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Hinduism went through a transformation as Buddhism became more popular when A. strict adherence to the caste system began to liberalize. B. Ashoka built Hindu temples to promote tolerance. C. gurus promoted salvation through the Brahmins. D. organized communities of monks began to find Brahmin patrons. E. recognition of the active life became a route to salvation for all, no matter what caste.
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E
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During the period 3500-500 BCE, many Indo-European peoples built powerful states based on iron weaponry and horse-based military technology. Which of the following Indo-European peoples was the exception to this model? A. Medes B. Persians C. Celts D. Aryans E. Hittites
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C
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The gender relationships in Vedic India were LEAST like what other river valley civilization? A. Mesopotamia B. Egypt C. Hwang He D. Phoenecia E. Assyria
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B
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The Nile and Indus rivers are similar in that both A. draw their waters from the melting waters of the Hindu Kush and Himalayas B. consistently flood in predictable cycles and amounts C. change course and form new channels to the sea D. deposit large amounts of silt as they move through the lowlands E. rise in the highlands and flow north before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea
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D
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The elite of the Shang and Zhou dynasties considered possession of what items a mark of status? A. oracle bones B. bronze serving vessels C. jade figurines D. iron swords E. terra-cotta warriors
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B
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What effect did the growth of Chinese state have on women's roles? A. Women became more powerful as they could be the mothers of emperors. B. Women became more powerful because they controlled the bronze trade. C. Women become less powerful because men no longer won their right to political authority through the female line of descent. D. Women became less powerful because they could not handle the requirements of heavy farm trade. E. Women became less powerful as they were no longer allowed to attend formal, imperial schools.
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C
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Why did the victorious Qin emperor order all books not of a utilitarian nature destroyed? A. He feared they might inspire doubts about his government and encourage independent thinking. B. He believed it was part of his responsibility under the Mandate of Heaven to purify the thinking tof his subjects. C. He hoped the destruction of out of date ideas would might spur China to work harder to produce great literature D. He wanted his own writings to be more widely read and accepted by the ducated intellectuals. E. He believed the books taught ideal aopposed to the veneration of ancestestors.
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A
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Why did Mesoamericans have no need for wheeled vehicles? A. They had ample domesticated pack animals to carry heavy burdens, so they did not need wheeled vehicles. B. They did not travel to far places, so human power was adequate for their needs. C. They had remained hunters and gatherers, so they did not accumulate much material wealth which needed to be transported. D. They did not have many domesticated large animals which would have been necessary to make wheeled vehicles useful. E. The swampy nature of much of Mesoamerica made wheeled vehicles not useful.
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D
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Like Mesopotamia and Egypt, Persian society was highly stratified. As in these cultures, most people in rural areas were engaged in A. building temple complexes and new cities B. manufacturing trade items for the export market C. domestic servitude to the upper classes on their large country properties D. cultivation of grain crops exclusively since slaves could be used in irrigation duties E. agriculture and the maintenance of an adequate water supply for the crops
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E
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What aspect of Zoroastrianism is the most significant with respect to world history? A. It sustained the Persian empire and served as a justification for their rule. B. It became one of the many foreign religions that found a home in India. C. Parts of its tenets were adopted by monotheistic religions. D. Its temple complexes served as the backbone of Persian prosperity. E. Zoroastrianism is the founding faith of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
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C
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Cyrus and Cambyses conquered the regions originally held by the A. Greeks and Egyptians B. Egyptians and Mesopotamians C. Arabs and Indians D. Greeks and Babylonians E. Aryans and Nubians
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B
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Chinese schools of thought came out of a period of A. domestic harmony. B. chaotic disunity. C. centralized power. D. dynastic stability. E. unified authority.
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B
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Daoism and Confucianism differ on the topic of A. family values. B. the existence of a god. C. reincarnation. D. social involvement. E. heaven and hell.
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D
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While sharing the same language and customs, relations between the late Mesopotamian city-states were A. cooperative and neighborly. B. kept at a minimum due to distance. C. subject to overwhelming authority of Sumer. D. degenerated into constant conflict E. easily sustained by trade.
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D
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The place of women in Mesopotamian society was A. the legal equivalent of slaves. B. the manufacture and the distribution of trade items. C. legally subservient but allowed to participate in public life. D. economically subservient to men but legally equal. E. a solely domestic role of wife and mother.
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C
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What area of Mesopotamian life deeply influenced both Phoenicians and Hebrews? A. weaponry and the art of war B. manufacture and distribution of trade items C. a society deeply influenced by urban living D. a tradition of writing that enabled both worship and trade E. adoption and retention of essential religious practices
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D
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What made pottery the earliest craft associated with the Neolithic Period? A. Clay was available in the Middle East. B. Storage baskets had many drawbacks. C. They could be used for irrigation as well. D. There had been little need to store food in earlier societies E. Pots could be artistic as well as functional
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E
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It is presumed by historians that women played the catalyst role in specific areas of neolithic life. the two areas were: A. herding and cooking. B. pottery and religion. C. agriculture and textiles. D.jewelry making and painting. E. social distinctions and education.
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C
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An important issue that is debated by historians relates to cultural borrowing or independent origin. In which of the following areas is diffusion the most likely process? A. the development of professions B. a specific crop found in two places C. the idea of class structure D. the role women play in society E. the way in which people harvest crops
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B
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Egyptian history is traditionally organized around three kingdoms. What institutuional patterns changed between the three? A. Government structure moved towards decentralization. B. Administrations began to build enormous dams to control flooding on the Nile. C. Egypt moved toward a nobility to accommodate successful bureaucrats. D. Egyptian governments moved toward expansion into neighboring lands. E. Art styles began to incorporate more Mesopotamiam and Nubian motifs.
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D
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In what way was Egyptian writing less cumbersome than cuneiform? A. Hieroglyphs are phonetic while cuneiforms are pictographs. B. There are fewer symbols to learn for proficiency. C. The ease of reading hieroglyphs negated the necessity for scribes. D. Hieroglyphs are written on papyrus rather than clay tablets. E. Hieroglyphs could be used for informal events.
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D
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What specifically separates early neolithic lifestyles from paleolithic lifestyles? A. use of meat B. use of helters C. use of clothing D. use of fire E. use of plants
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E
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During the early Vedic era, social distinctions were based on A. Dravidian or Aryan ancestry B. the number of cattle a family owned C. the ability to read and write Sanskrit D. a person's mother's family line E. an individual's occupation and roles in society
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E
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The phrase "Yellow River" refers to A. the loess gathered in the Hang He B. the unpredictable nature of the Chang Jiang. C. the vast volume of water carried by the Wei River. D. the source of the Yangzi River at they Yellow Sea. E. the degree of pollution caused by a dense population.
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A
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Egyptians viewed the Nile as a A. persistent barrier to trade. B. source of destructive floods. C. problem that could be solved by technology. D. benevolent source of a prosperous society. E. protective obstacle to invaders.
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E
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Why is it difficult for scholars to follow the development of Harappan society in great detail? A. Constant invasion destroyed the large cities and significant documents. B. Silt deposits and desertification have made earliest settlements unexplorable. C. Aryan invasions destroyed all the written records of Harappan civilization. D. Erratic flooding forced constant movement between cities. E. Their pictographic written language is still undeciphered.
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E
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The Indus River was most like what other river in its origins and its deposition of silt? A. Tigris B. Euphrates C. Nile D. Jordan E. Congo
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C
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All of the following were features of the civilizations in Mesopotamia, Mesoamerica, the Indus River Valley, and the Yellow River Valley EXCEPT A. a degree of craft specialization B. a level of social stratification C. development of irrigation systems D. construction of architectural monuments E. religious systems that included sacrifice rituals
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E
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all early civilizations? A. a written way of communicating B. an agricultural surplus C. some economic specialization D. water resources E. common social bonds
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A
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The Four Noble Truths are associated with A. Buddhism B. Confucianism C. Legalism D. Judaism E. Islam
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A
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In the Zhou dynasty, the Mandate of Heaven meant that rulers A. had an absolute right to rule over the governed as they wished. B. were appointed by Buddhist leaders. C. were allowed to keep their power if they ruled justly and wisely. D. were encouraged to spread Buddhism through the building of monasteries. E. were the direct descendants of gods.
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C
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Which of these was NOT an outcome of the Bronze Age? A. increased agricultural efficiency B. the rise of an aristocratic military class C. the fall of centralized governments D. increased contact among different cultures E. additional outlets for artistic expression
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C
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It is thought that early Bantu through Africa were precipitated by A. growth in the African slave trade, which caused people to migrate farther inland and south B. establishment of trade routes along coastal west Africa, which created more routes by which to migrate C. Islamic missionary expeditions through west and central Africa, which opened up more areas to settlement D. environmental changes, which disturbed the ecosystem people relied on for hunting, gathering, and farming E. advances in gold and salt mining technologies and improved transportation routes to Mali and Ghana
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D
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Which of the following statements best describes Homo sapiens neanderthalensis? A. They were hunters and gatherers. B. They became extinct in 85,000 BCE. C. They painted art in caves. D. They had no tools. E. They had smaller brains than modern humans
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A
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The image above is of a tablet written in A. Egyptian hieroglyphics B. Arabic C. Cuneiform D. Sanskrit E. Hebrew
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C
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The Han's most fearsome enemy were the A. Romans B. Japanese C. Mongols D. Hsiung Nu (Huns)
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D
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Hinduism differs from Buddhism in all of the following ways EXCEPT A. Hinduism rejects the atman, while Buddhism affirms it B. Hinduism insists on a pantheon of deities, while Buddhism, as taught by the historic Siddhartha, rejected deities. C. Hinduism preserves an important role for rituals, while Buddhism, as taught by the historic Siddhartha, rejected rituals D. Hinduism teaches that the end of the cycles of rebirth brings moksha or union with Brahman, while Buddhism emphasizes a psychological awakening called nirvana.
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A
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The first empire in India was created by A. Ashoka B. Buddha C. Zoroaster D. Chandragupta
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D
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"If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they led by virtue and uniformity sought to be given them by the Rules of Propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good." Which figure most likely said this?A. Lao Tzu B. Han Fei C. Wu Ti D. Confucius E. Shi Huane Ti
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D