AP World History Unit 2 Vocab – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Dynasty
answer
A sequence of rulers from the same family
question
Mandate of Heaven
answer
The directive that was supposedly enforced by the gods that let Chinese rulers rule
question
Bureaucracy
answer
The body of officials and administrators of a government
question
Civil Service Exam
answer
An exam that was required in order to enter the Chinese bureaucracy during the Han Dynasty - established by Wu Ti
question
Period of Warring States
answer
A period in Chinese history where there was no political unity, but instead immense political turmoil
question
Confucianism
answer
Founded by Confucius, it emphasized filial piety, or respect to elders, as well as the five basic relationships
question
Daoism
answer
Created by Lao-Tze, it stressed a life of nature and simplicity in order to achieve harmony with the Dao
question
Legalism
answer
Founded by Han Feizi, it stressed reward for good behavior and punishment for bad behavior; believed powerful and efficient rule is key to restoring order
question
Shi Huangdi
answer
The first Qin emperor, who emerged victorious out of the Period of Warring States and unified China
question
Wu Ti
answer
The most famous Han emperor, brought peace and expanded China, and established the Civil Service Exam
question
Indo-Europeans (Aryans)
answer
Invaders who conquered and settled in the Indus Valley, starting Indian civlilization
question
The Vedas
answer
The sacred books written by the Aryans that laid the foundations for Hinduism
question
Chandragupta Maurya
answer
First Mauryan ruler, unified northern India and expanded its territory
question
Ashoka
answer
Chandragupta's grandson that was a major figure in Indian history that also promoted Buddhism
question
Buddhism
answer
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, it stresses ending desire in order to reach Nirvana, or the ultimate reality
question
Hinduism
answer
The religion of India's majority that developed over many centuries and supported the caste system and was polytheistic
question
Sanskrit
answer
The first literary language of India, created by the Aryans
question
Caste System
answer
The Indian social system used by Hindus that ranked every person into one of five varnas
question
Minoans
answer
Early civilization on the island of Crete that controlled most of Greece around 1600 BCE
question
Mycenaeans
answer
Successors to the Minoans who controlled a great trade network during the Late Bronze Age
question
Phoenicians
answer
A seafaring group from the Eastern Mediterranean who ended the Greek Dark age
question
Polis
answer
The Greek city-state
question
Monarchy
answer
A form of government headed by a single ruler where rule was hereditary
question
Oligarchy
answer
A form of government where there is rule by few
question
Aristocracy
answer
A form of government where there is rule by leading families
question
Democracy
answer
A form of government where there is rule by popular vote
question
Tyranny
answer
A form of government headed by military leaders who won pupular support against the aristocracy
question
Helots
answer
Spartan servants who were servants to the polis of Sparta as a whole - no single master
question
Hoplites
answer
Greek farmer/soldiers who served as heavily armored infantrymen in battle
question
Secularism/Natural Law
answer
Emphasis on the affairs of this world; the belief that forces in nature cause events to happen
question
Greek Philosophy
answer
The "love of wisdom" that the Greeks had, and they mainly investigated the physical world, but later on focused on ethical questions
question
Delian League
answer
A Greek alliance formed by Athens to fight with Sparta
question
Peloponnesian War
answer
A highly destructive war between Athens & their allies and Sparta & their allies
question
Greek-Persian War
answer
A violent clash between Greece and Persia during the 500's BCE
question
Satraps
answer
Persian representatives sent by the Persian king ot supervise his subjects in conquered areas
question
Alexander the Great
answer
The son of the king of Macedon who conquered most of the known world at the timeand established one of the largest empires ever
question
Hellenism/Hellenistic Age
answer
Greek culture that combined with other cultures throughout northwestern Africa and Western Asia
question
Patricians
answer
Roman aristocrats who served as Senators and passed their positions down to their sons; held most of the power in the Roman Republic
question
Plebians
answer
Roman commoners who made up 90% of the general population; represented by the General Assembly in the Roman Republic
question
Julius Caesar
answer
A Roman general who invaded and took over Rome, ending the Republic and declaring himslef dictator
question
Augustus Caesar
answer
Formerly Octavian, he was the first emperor of Rome
question
Law of the Twelve Tables
answer
The codified Roman Law created by Augustus Caesar
question
Pax Romana
answer
The "Roman Peace", a time of period when Rome had its greatest prosperity
question
Equites
answer
A class of Italian merchants and landowners who helped run the Roman Empire
question
Punic Wars
answer
Wars between Rome and Carthage, eventually won by Rome and increased their power
question
Republic
answer
A state without a monarch
question
The Silk Road
answer
A network of trade routes that spread goods and ideas
question
The Huns
answer
Asiatic invaders who conquered several major empires in the Classical Period
question
"Barbarian"
answer
Any foreign peoples, according to most Classical civilizations
question
44 BCE
answer
The assassination of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March
question
22 BCE
answer
Beginning of the Roman Empire established by Augustus Caesar, who defeated Marc Antony
question
476 CE
answer
The fall of the Roman Empire, with the final blow delivered by nomadic tribes
question
Yellow Turbans
answer
Daoist leaders who led the revolt against the Han dynasty in 184 CE; attacked the weakness of the emperor and the bureaucracy
question
Diocletian
answer
A strong Roman emperor who split the empire in two and temporarily stopped Rome's decline
question
Constaninople
answer
A second Roman capital city established by Constantine, it became a trade hub
