AP World History – Chapter 24 Vocab – Flashcards
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Sepoys
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Indian troops, trained in European style, serving the French and British.
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Raj
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The British political establishment in India.
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Plassey (1757)
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Battle between the troops of the British East India Company and an Indian army under Siraj-ud-daula, ruler of Bengal; British victory gave them control of Northeast India.
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Robert Clive
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Architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of the Raj in northern India.
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Presidencies
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Three districts that comprised the bulk of British-ruled territories in India during the early 19th century; capitals at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay.
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Princely states
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Ruled by Indian princes allied with the Raj; agents of the East India Company were stationed at their courts to ensure loyalty.
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Nabobs
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Name given to Britons who went to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation; returned to Britain to live richly.
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Charles Cornwallis
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British official who reformed East India Company corruption during the 1790s.
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Isandhlwana (1879)
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Zulu defeat of a British army; one of the few indigenous victories over 19th-century European armies.
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Tropical dependencies
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Western European possessions in Africa, Asia, and the South Pacific where small numbers of Europeans ruled large indigenous populations.
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White dominions
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A type of settlement colony, such as those in North America and Australia, where European settlers made up the majority of the population.
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Settler colonies
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Colonies, such as those in South Africa, New Zealand, Algeria, Kenya, and Hawaii, where minority European populations lived among majority indigenous peoples.
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White racial supremacy
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Belief in the inherent superiority of whites over the rest of humanity; peaked in the period before World War I.
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Great Trek
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Migration into the South African interior of thousands of Afrikaners seeking to escape British control.
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Boer republics
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Independent states—Orange Free State and Transvaal—established during the 1850s in the South African interior by Afrikaners.
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Cecil Rhodes
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British entrepreneur in South Africa; manipulated political situation to gain entry to the diamonds and gold discovered in the Boer republics.
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Boer War (1899-1902)
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Fought between the British and Afrikaners; British victory and postwar policies left the African population of South Africa under Afrikaner control.
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James Cook
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His voyages to Hawaii from 1777 to 1779 opened the islands to the West.
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Kamehameha
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Hawaiian prince; with British backing he created a unified kingdom by 1810; promoted the entry of Western ideas in commerce and social relations.
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Great Mahele
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Hawaiian edict issued in 1848 that imposed Western property concepts that resulted in much Hawaiian land passed to Western commercial interests.
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Mataram
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Kingdom that controlled interior regions of Java in 17th century; Dutch East India Company paid tribute to the kingdom for rights of trade at Batavia; weakness of kingdom after 1670s allowed Dutch to exert control over all of Java.
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Ram Mohum Roy
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Western-educated Indian leader, early 19th century; cooperated with British to outlaw sati.
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Natal
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British colony in South Africa; developed after Boer trek north from Cape Colony; major commercial outpost of Durban.
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Nationalism
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Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe; often allied with other "isms"; urged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin.
