AP World History Chapter 13 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Taika Reforms
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Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.
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The Tale of Genjii
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Written by Lady Muraski; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society.
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Fujiwara
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Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.
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Bushi
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Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies.
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Samurai
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Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders; loyal to local lords, not the emperors.
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Sepukku
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Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor.
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Taira
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Powerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempei Wars.
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Minamoto
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Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government in 12th-century Japan.
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Gempei Wars
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Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira.
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Bakufu
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Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai.
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Shoguns
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Military leaders of the bakufu (military governments in Japan).
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Hojo
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Warrior family closely allied with Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers who claimed to rule in name of Japanese emperor at Kyoto.
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Ashikaga Takuaji
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Member of the Minamoto family; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.
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Ashikaga Shogunate
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Replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan; ruled from 1336-1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority.
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Daimyos
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Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states.
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Choson
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Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 B.C.E.
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Koguryo
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Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 B.C.E.; adopted cultural sinification.
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Silla
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Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tan allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668.
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Paekche
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Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chines Tang allies in 7th century.
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Sinification
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Extensive adaptation of Chines culture in other regions; typical of Korean and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.
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Khmers
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Indianized rivals of the Vietnamized; moved into Mekong river delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south.
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Trung Sisters
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Leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 C.E.; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.
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Chams
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Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south.
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Nguyen
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Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.
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Trinh
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Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533-1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south.
