AP World History Chapter 10 – Flashcards
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What brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?
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the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire
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What characterizes the spread of Christianity throughout Western Europe from 500 to 1000?
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earlier cultural practices were absorbed into the Christian tradition
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Besides Islam, what was also a target of Western Europe crusaders?
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity
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In Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, what system emerged that emphasized the reciprocal ties between a king and his vassals, and between a lord and his serfs?
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feudalism
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What was a long-term impact of the Crusades in Europe?
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Spain, Sicily, and the Baltic region permanently joined the world of Western Christendom.
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How did economic growth and urbanization during the High Middle Ages affect women in Western Europe?
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women practiced trades and sometime trained female apprentices
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Technological changes in which field limited women's opportunities in Western Europe by the fifteenth century?
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weaving
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In Western Europe from 1000 to 1300, power was divided among _________.
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king, nobles, and church leaders
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Over the past 30 years, millions have converted to _________________________.
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the Christian faith in East and South Asia
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Where is another place where millions have converted to their Christian faith over the past 30 years?
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non-Muslim regions of Africa
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How many Christians live today in Asia, Africa, and Latin America?
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60 percent
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In 500s and 600s, Christianity also had flourishing communities across large regions of ________.
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Afro-Eurasia
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Over 1000 years after African and Asian communities largely _____________________.
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vanished, declined, or were marginalized
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Christian became a largely _______________________.
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European phenomenon
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By 1300 C.E. Christianity provided common ground for what?
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third-wave societies in western Eurasia
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What was Christendom divided into?
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Byzantine Empire and West
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Byzantium continued the traditions of what world until conquered in 1453 C.E.?
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Greco-Roman world
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What evolved within this Byzantium third-wave civilization?
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Eastern Orthodoxy
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What type of civilization is Byzantium?
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third-wave civilization
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What disintegrated in the West?
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Roman imperial order
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What did the Roman Catholic Church of the West do?
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established independence from political authorities
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Did the Eastern Orthodox Church establish independence from political authorities?
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no
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What was Western Europe as it emerged, at an increasing pace after 1000?
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a dynamic hybrid third-wave civilization
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What parts make Western Europe a hybrid civilization?
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classical, German, Celtic
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The story of global Christendom in the era of third-wave civilizations is one of __________________.
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contractions and expansions
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What are two places that are facing sharp contractions?
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Asia and Africa
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What are two places that expansion can be found in?
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Western Europe and Russia
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What contracted and ultimately disappeared?
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Christian Byzantium
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What contracted but later expanded?
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Western Europe
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Islam's spread was a driving force in the contraction of what?
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Christianity
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Within a century or so of Muhammad's death, Christianity almost disappeared from where?
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Arabia
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Islam forces seized __________________.
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Jerusalem and its holy sites
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In Syria and Persia many Christians did what?
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converted voluntarily
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Those that didn't convert voluntarily were granted the right to do what?
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practice their religion for a payment of a special tax
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Experiences of individual communities __________.
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varied
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Nestorian Christians
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Church of the East
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Nestorian Christians or the Church of the East did what?
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survived
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Nestorian Christians or the Church of the East shrank in size in _____________.
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Syria, Iraq, and Persia
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Nestorians had success where before ultimately withering?
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Tang China
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Nestorians had brief revival under the ________.
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Mongols
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Coastal North African Christians largely did what?
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converted to Islam
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In Egypt, what survived?
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the Coptic Church
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The Coptic Church was tolerated by _____________.
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Muslim rulers
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The Coptic Church survived until __________.
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the Crusades and Mongol threat when repressed
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Most rural Coptic Christians do what?
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convert
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Most rural Coptic Christians that converts survived where?
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in urban ares and remote monasteries
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Christianity took shape in fifth and sixth centuries in what kingdoms?
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kingdoms of Nubia
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Christianity in the kingdoms of Nubia thrived for a long time, but _________ ________ by 1500 C.E.
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largely disappeared
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Ethiopian Christianity was an ____________________.
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exception
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Rulers of Axum adopted _______________________.
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Ethiopian Christianity
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The geography of believers of Ethiopian Christianity ___________.
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protected them from the surrounding Muslim world
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Ethiopian Christians did what in isolation?
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developed distinctive traditions
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