AP World History ch.6 vocab – Flashcards
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Bedouin
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Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.. Muhammed's tribe.
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Shaykhs
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Leaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children
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Mecca
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City located in the mountainous region along the Red Sea in the Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quarysh; place where the Ka'ba is located.
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Medina
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Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins. Where Muhammed fled after he was kicked out of Mecca.
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Umayyad
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Clan of Quarysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca. Were later able to establish a dynasty as rulers of Islam.
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Ka'ba
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Most revered religious shrine in pre-islamic Arabia, Located in Mecca, focus ofobligatory truce among bedouin tribes.
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Quaran
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Recitations of revelations received by Muhammed. Its the holy book of Islam.
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Umma
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Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create a degree of political unity.
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Zakat
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Tax for charity that is obligatory for all muslims.
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Five Pillars
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1. There is only one god, Allah 2. You must pray five times a day facing Mecca 3. You must pay the government Zakat 4. You must fast for Ramadan 5. You must make a Pilgrimage to Mecca sometime during your life.
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Caliph
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The political and religious successor of Muhammed
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Ali
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Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammed; one of the orthodox Caliphs; focus for Shi'is
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Abu Bakr
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The first caliph, Muhammed's father-in-law.
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Ridda Wars
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Wars that followed Muhammed's death in 632; resulted in the defeat of rival prophets and some larger clans. Restored unity to Islam.
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Jihad
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Islamic holy war
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Uthman
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Third caliph and member of the Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning for Egypt. HIs death set of a civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan.
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Siffin
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War fought between Ali and Muwaiya over who should be Caliph
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Mu'awiya
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Leader of Umayyad clan; first Umayyad caliph following the civil war with Ali
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Sunnis
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Political and theological division within Islam. Followers of the Umayyads.
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Shi'is
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Political and theological division within Islam. Followers of Ali.
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Karbala
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Site of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali. Marked the beginning of Shi'i resistance to Umayyad caliphate.
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Mawali
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Non-Arab converts to Islam
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Jizya
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Head tax payed by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories.
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Dhimmis
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Literally "people of the book" applied as an inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories.
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Abbasids
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Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam.
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Wazir
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Chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of the Empire.
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Ayan
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The wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule.
