AP World History ch. 34-37 – Flashcards

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The first total war in world history was
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World War I
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Approximately how many combatants died in WWI?
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15 million
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The nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities was most threatening to a state such as
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Austria-Hungary
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What was NOT an important area of competition and conflict between England and Germany in the years leading up to WWI?
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religious differences
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The desire to ensure its "place in the sun" was a common complaint of
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Germany
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The French were deeply suspicious of German expansion because
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the Franco-Prussian War
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Plan XVII was
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a french war plan based on a continuous series of offensive attacks
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Gavrilo Princip was a member of a secret Serbian society known as
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the Black Hand
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The last tsar of Russia was
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Nicholas II
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"To make the world safe for democracy" was the motto of
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Americans
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The massive German assault on the western front in 1916 was
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Verdun
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The Somme was
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an English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards
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The experience of Joseph Caillaux during WWI demonstrated that
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governments resorted to the restriction of civil liberties
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The main reason for the failure of the provisional government in Russia in 1917 was
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its inability to satisfy popular demands
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The most famous motto of the Russian Revolution was
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"Peace, Land, Bread"
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The Treaty of Brest Litovsk
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ended Russia's involvement in WWI
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In the wake of WWI, Mustapha Kemal became president of
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Turkey
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The WWI poet who considered Horace's line that, "It is sweet and proper to die for one's country" to be an 'old lie' was
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Wilfred Owen
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What German African colonies were conquered by the Allies in WWI?
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Togoland, the Cameroon's, German Southwest Africa, and German East Africa
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In 1914, Englands share of the worlds industrial output stood at
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14%
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The members of the triple alliance were
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Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
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The military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium was called the
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Schlieffen plan
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The German offensive of 1914 was halted at
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the Marne River
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The western front in WWI was
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a bloody staleamate
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What was NOT an explanation of the expansion of the WWI to Asia, Africa, and the Pacific?
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the german invasion of neutral Belgium was such a profound breech of international law
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The twenty-one demands were issued by
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Japan to China
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The Japanese fought WWI due to their
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their desire to acquire German colonies in Asia
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The Battle of Gallipoli
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led to the weakening of Britain's imperial ties with Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
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The February Revolution of 1917
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led to the establishment of a reform-minded provisional government in Russia
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The writer whose "Decline of the West" proposed that European society had entered the finial stage of its existence was
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Oswald Spengler
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In the years after WWI, the idea of progress
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was attacked (especially science and technology)
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John Maynard Keynes
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discussed the end of laissez-faire capitalisam
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The notion that space and time are relative to the person measuring them was first articulated in
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Einstein's theory of general relativity
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The uncertainty principle is associated with
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Heisenberg
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The father of psychoanalysis was
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Sigmund Freud
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The spread of photography
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led many painters to believe that the purpose of painting was not to mirror reality but to create it
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The painter who was influenced by the "primitive" art of Tahiti was
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Paul Gauguin
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One of the biggest results of the artistic experimentation of the1920s and 1930s was that
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generally accepted standards that distinguished between "good" and "bad" art disappeared
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The term Bauhaus is associated with
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architecture
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By 1929, the price of a bushel of wheat was
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at its lowest level in 400 years
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On Black Thursday, October 24 1929
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the U.S. stock market crashed
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What was not part of Roosevelt's New Deal?
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give workers the right to organize and bargain collectively
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At the lowest point in the GD, what percentage U.S. banks were out of business?
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44%
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In WWI, the eastern front was
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ultimately a spectacular German success
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What was NOT a characteristic of the new total war of WWI?
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the extension of laissez-faire capitalism to its greatest freedom
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What effect did WWI have on the status of women?
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women in many countries received the right to vote in the years after the war
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What is NOT an explanation of the expansion of WWI to Asia, Africa, and the Pacific
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the German invasion of neutral Belgium was such a profound breech of international law
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The key factor in the US's decision to enter WWI was
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Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare
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One of the major problems of the Paris peace negotiations that led to the Treaty of Versailles was
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Russia's absence from the negotiations
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Woodrow Wilson agreed to many harsh stipulations to the Treaty of Versailles because
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in return for the creation of the League of Nations
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The mandate system
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angered the Arab world because it was little more than a glorified form of imperialism
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Discoveries in physics added to the anxiety of the 20s and 30s because
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they called into question the established notions of truth
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According to Freud, the root of neurotic behavior was
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a conflict between conscious and unconscious mental processes
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Which of the following groups was not one of the new artistic movements of the 20th century?
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impressionists
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A troubling economic problem in the 1920s was the depressed state of agriculture caused by
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overproduction and falling prices
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During the Great Depression, most nations
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practiced economic nationalism
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In response to the GD, John Maynard Keynes
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urged the gov to expand the money supply and undertake public works to provide jobs
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The Russian Civil War that broke out after the revolution was between
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the Reds (communists of Lenin) and the Whites (compromising a collection of anti-communist groups)
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Lenins New Economic Policy of 1921
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implemented free market reforms
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The First Five Year Plan
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was designed to transform the Soviet Union from an agricultural nation into an industrial one
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What was NOT a step taken by Benito Mussolini to consolidate power?
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instituting a communist system of government
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The 1935 Nuremberg Laws
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deprived German Jews of their citizenship
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The Kristallnacht was
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a Nazi arranged attack on thousands of Jewish stores
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The leader of the fascist movement in Germany was
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Adolf Hitler
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Who believed in philosophy of promoting communism primarily in the Soviet Union rather than trying to export the revolution to other nations?
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Trotsky
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Approximately how many combatants died in WWI? (COMBATANTS)
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15 million
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In Jose Ortega y Gasset's "Revolt of the Masses", he points out that
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the masses were destined to destroy the highest achievements of western society
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The official goal of the Nazi regime toward Jews in the period before WWI was
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to pressure them to emigrate
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The most influential organization dedicated to the end of British rule in India was
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the Indian National Congress
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What was NOT one of the foundations of Gandhi's philosophy?
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heavy industrialization
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Satyagraha was
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Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of
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Pakistan
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Bal Gangadhar Tilak was
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an Indian nationalist that garnered great support for the Indian independence movement
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The former teacher and librarian that became the leader of the Chinese communist movement was
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Mao Zedong
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The May Fourth Movement
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galvanized the Chinese against foreign interference
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Mao Zedong's main rival afer 1925 was
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Jiang Jieshi
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The Long March
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greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position
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Manchukuo was the
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Japanese puppet state in the former Manchuria
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The Mukden incident
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provided Japan with the excuse to send troops into Manchuria
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Which African colony was NOT compelled by European colonial powers to participate in WWI?
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Spanish colonies
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One of the greatest proponents of Pan-Africanism was
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Marcus Garvey
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Which US policies are towards Latin America?
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Dollar Diplomacy and Good Neighbor Policy
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WWII began with
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Japanese attacks on China
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the height of Japanese atrocity in China was reached at
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the Rape of Nanjing
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The Tripartite Pact (AXIS Powers) brought together
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Germany, Italy, and Japan
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The German and Italian fascists used which war as an excuse to intervene and gain valuable military experience?
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Spanish Civil War
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The weakness of the League of Nations was revealed in its inability to take any substantial action in response to the Italian invasion of
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Ethiopia
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The highpoint in appeasement was
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the Munich Conference
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What leader proposed that the Munich Conference had ensured "peace in our time"?
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Neville Chamberlain
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The European part of WWII began with the
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German invasion of Poland
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German blitzkrieg refers to
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lightening war
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Operation Barbarossa was
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the German plan for an invasion of the Soviet Union
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Hitlers comment "You only have to kick in the door, and the whole rotten structure will come down" was a reference to?
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the Soviet Union
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"Asia for Asians" was the slogan of the
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Japanese
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The first large scale defeat for German forces in WWII was
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Stalingrad
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The US victory in the Pacific that turned the tide against the Japanese was
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Midway
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The US secret weapon in the Pacific campaign was
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a code-breaking operation known as Magic
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During the battle of Okinawa
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over 100,000 Okinawa civilians died refusing surrender
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The Vichy gov
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were Nazi collaborators
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The term "genocide" was coined to refer to the systematic killings of who?
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Nazi Germany
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The largest of the Nazi camps were
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Auschwitz
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80% of the comfort women in WWII were
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American
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The Indian Act of 1937
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gave the institutions of self-governing state to India, but the British still exercised overall control
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The GD aggravated the tense situation between Muslims and Hindus in India because
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Muslims perceived that they were economically controlled by the Hindu majority of India
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Maoism was
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a political ideology that held that peasants were the foundation for a successful communist revolution
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The GD led Japan to
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turn toward a militarized government whose goal was the domination of east Asia
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Pan-Africanism is an idea that advocated
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the unification of all people of African descent around the globe into one African state
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The Guomindang during WWII was
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the resistance government of Korea vs Japans invasion of Korea
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Hitler often spoke of the "November Crime" which was
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signing of the 1918 armistice
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The secret stipulation of the Nazi-Soviet Pact spelled out
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the division of Poland
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After the fall of France in 1940, the only country left to fight Germany was
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Britain
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In the Battle of Britain the Germans hoped to defeat the English
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almost solely through air attacks led by the Luftwaffe
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The Japanese goal in the bombing of Pearl Harbor was
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to weaken the US and establish a defensive Japanese perimeter in the Pacific
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They key to the Allied victories in Europe and Asia was
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industrial capacity
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The Normandy Invasion
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led to the end of German resistance in western Europe
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In the Battle of Okinawa the Japanese
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introduced Kamikaze pilots
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At the Wannsee Conference
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the Nazis put in place the Finial Solution
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Comfort women were
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Koren and Chinese women forced into prostitution by the Japanese
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About how many people perished during WWII?
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60 million
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The Marshall Plan was
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a US financial plan to rebuild Europe and stop Soviet expansions
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NATO was designed to
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be a regional military alliance against Soviet agression
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At a meeting of 50 nations at San Francisco in 1945
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the United Nations Charter was signed
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COMECON was
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the Soviet alternative to the Marshall Plan
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