Ap World History Ch. 3-4.Terms – Flashcards
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Qin Shihaungdi
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Literally "The first emperor from the Qin." forcibly reunited China and established a strong and oppressive state
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Persian Empire
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A major empire that expanded from the iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India. Flourished around 550 to 330 B.C.E
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pax Romana
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"The Roman Peace" a term typically used to denote the period of stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire.
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Mauryan Empire
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A major empire that encompassed most of India
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Hellenistic Era
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The period from 323 to 30 BCE in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia and North Africa in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander the Greats successors
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Han Dynasty
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Dynasty that ruled China from 206 BCE to 220 CE creating a durable less harsh state based on Shihaungdi's state-building achievement.
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Greco-Persian Wars
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Two major invasions of Greece in 490 BCE and 480 BCE, in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea
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Caesar Augustus
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The great nephew and adopted son of Julius Caeser who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended civil war
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Athenian Democracy
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A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by the lot
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Ashoka
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The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire who converted to buddhism who tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance.
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Alexander the Great
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Alexander III of Macedon conquerer of the Persian Empire and Northwest India
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Zoroastrianism
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Persian montheistic religion founded by the prophet Zorothustra
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Vedas
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The earliest religious texts of India a collection of Ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down
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Socrates
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The first Greek philosopher to turn to rationalism toward questions of human existence
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Siddhartha Gautama "The Buddha"
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The indian prince turned ascetic who founded Buddhism
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Plato
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A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 BCE
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Perpetua
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Christian martyr from an upper class Roman family in Carthage. Her refusal to renounce her faith made her an inspiration for other early Christians
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Legalism
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A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments
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Judaism
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The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god with concerns for social justice
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Jesus of Nazereth
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The prophet/god of Christianity
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Daoism
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A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi
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Confucianism
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The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order
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Aristotle
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A Greek polymath philosopher student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great
