AP World History Ch. 22-24 – Flashcards
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Ibn Battuta
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Muslim explorer from Morocco; known for his extensive travels
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Marco Polo
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A Venetian merchant whose book introduced Europeans to China and central Asia
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Colombian Exchange
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A widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, slaves, diseases, and ideas between the Old World and the New World.
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Bubonic Plague
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A disease that was the cause of the Black Death
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Hongwu
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Founder of the Ming dynasty of China
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Eunuchs
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A person born male and castrated
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Fernando and Isabel
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Known for completing the Reconquista
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Reconquista
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Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain
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Erasmus
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He publicized in 1516 a Greek-Latin New Testament.
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Zheng He
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Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia
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Atlantic Slave Trade
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The buying, transporting, and selling of africans for work in the Americas
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Vasco da Gama
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The first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.
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Dias
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Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope
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Inca
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Powerful South American empire that would reach its peak in the 15th century
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Aztec
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Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century
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New Navigational Instruments
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Compasses and astrolabes that made it easier for sailors
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Prince Henry
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Led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal
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Magellan
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This was the first person to lead an expedition that circumnavigated the world
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James Cook
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English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands
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Joint Stock Company
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A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.
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United East India Company
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Chartered to control Dutch trading and to achieve a monopoly between the Cape of Good Hope and the Magellan straits
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Manila
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A bustling multicultural port city that quickly became the hub of Spanish commercial activity in Asia
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Siberia
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The part of Russia that lies on the continent of Asia which is subarctic
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Seven Years' War
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Worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land; known in America as the French and Indian War
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John Calvin
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This was a leader in the Reformation who believed in a simple faith and a simple method of worship
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The Council of Trent
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The group that met to examine and condemn the teachings of Martin Luther and other reformers
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St. Ignatius Loyola
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a Spainard who founded the religious order of Jesuits in the early A.D. 1530s
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The Thirty Years' War
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Conflict over religion and territory and for power among European ruling families.
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King Phillip II
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King of Spain who sent the Armada to attack England, he failed leading to the end of Spanish dominance in Europe
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Henry VIII
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Launched the English Protestant Reformation when he broke from the church in the 1530s
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Spanish Inquisition
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Brutal campaign led by Roman Catholic Church to punish nonbelievers including Jews and Muslims
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The English Civil War
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War in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I
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The Glorious Revolution
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In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights.
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The Sun King
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A nickname for Louis XIV that captures the magnificence of his court and of the Palace of Versailles, which he built. Louis himself adopted the sun as his emblem.
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Versailles
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A palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris
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Catherine II
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Seized throne from weak husband. Greatly influenced by Western European thinkers, considered freeing serfs, significantly expanded borders to the south and secured a warm-water port on the Black Sea
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Peter I
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Czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government
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Peace of Westphalia
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The peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War
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Adam Smith
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Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations and designed modern Capitalism; known as the father of capitalism
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Ptolemy
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Ancient scientist who said earth was the center of the universe
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Galileo
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Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars
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Kepler
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This mathematician and astronomer helped prove the sun-centered theory of the universe and said that planets orbited the sun in an eliptical manner
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Copernicus
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Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center
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John Locke
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English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
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Isaac Newton
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Discovered gravity, laws of motion, calculus
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Philosophies
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Study of the processes and relationships of thought and the universe
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Voltaire
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French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment
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Enlightenment
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A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
