AP US History – Chapter 24 – Flashcards
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What characteristic did the fascist governments in the 1930s and 1940s, especially Nazi Germany, appeal to?
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racial superiority
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Which of the following factors contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany?
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World War I reparation payments, economic depression, and high unemployment.
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Which of the following was the United States' initial response to world problems in the 1930s?
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neutrality
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In 1934, the Nye Committee's report concluded what about the true cause of WWI?
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War profiteers had maneuvered the nation into WWI for financial gain.
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The Neutrality Act of 1935 and its 1936 and 1937 amendments made buys do what?
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"cash-and-carry"
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World War II officially began in Europe after Germany invaded what country?
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Poland
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Describe the America First Committee.
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Leading isolationist group advocating that America focus's on continental defense and non-involvement with the European war.
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What were Franklin Roosevelt's "four essential freedoms"?
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Of speech, of worship, from want, and from fear
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The principles of freedom of the seas, national self-determination, and collective security were reiterated in the...?
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Atlantic Charter
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After the Japanese invaded China in 1937, President Roosevelt urged what from "peace loving nations"?
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To quarantine Japan and other agressors
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What was the U.S. reaction when Japanese troops occupied the northern part of French Indochina in 1940?
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Restricted trade with Japan including fuel and scrap metal vital to Japan's war effort.
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What did President Roosevelt call "a date that will live in infamy"?
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Pearl Harbor
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What was the main factor in determining the outcome of World War II for America?
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The immense production of war material and needed supplies
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What were the terms of the "cost-plus" contracts offered by the U.S. government to corporations during WWII?
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agreement to pay a company whatever the manufacturing cost plus a guaranteed percentage of the costs as a profit
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Who was Henry J. Kaiser?
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The "miracle man" for revolutionizing the production of naval vessels during the war
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Which of the following describes discrimination in the armed services during World War II?
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The military segregated African Americans and assigned them menial duties
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The federal government enacted what policies during WWII to encourage women workers in the war effort?
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Government child-care programs
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The GI Bill of Rights provided...?
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education, pensions, medicare, and loans
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What was the outcome of the United Mine Workers' strike, which was led by John L. Lewis in 1943?
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Precipitated the antistrike laws
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How did most Americans deal with rationing during World War II?
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most complied
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In June 1943, thirty-four people died during a major race riot in
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Detroit
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Describe the forced relocation and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II?
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More than 2/3 of the Japanese Americans were native born American citizens.
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During World War II, the Big Three consisted of...?
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England, Soviet Union, and the U.S.
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From 1941 to 1943, Stalin was most interested in securing a guarantee that Britain and the U.S. would...?
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Open a second front in France to force Germany to withdraw troops from Russia.
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The turning point of World War II in Europe came as a result of...?
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Soviets halted German advance at Stalingrad in the winter of 1942
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Why was Churchill's strategy of invading Europe through its "soft underbelly" in Sicily and Italy a costly mistake?
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Churchill thought he could keep casualties down by attacking Germany through the "soft underbelly" of Italy rather than a cross-channel invasion through France. Britain lost millions of men in World War II so the move was more difficult.
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What was the principal reason that Harry Truman and his American advisers decided to use the atomic bomb against Japan in the summer of 1945?
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To avoid an invasion of Japan because it would be extremely costly. They released the bomb hoping it would be enough to force Japan to surrender.
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Why did the United States wait until 1941, after nearly every European nation had fallen to Germany, to enter World War II? What were the sources of American political isolation?
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The U.S. was pursuing a national policy of "isolationism" to avoid involvement in war, and to focus on domestic/family household issues (anti-immigration, consolidate influence in the Western Hemisphere, restore economy). The U.S. generally tried to avoid political and military conflicts abroad.
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Why do historians consider 1942 to be a pivotal year for the outcome of the war?
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Battle of Coral Sea (victory guaranteed Australia would remain free of Japanese control), Battle of Midway Islands (cost Japan naval control of the Pacific), Island hopping, Stalingrad (Russian forces turned back Hitler's advance into the Soviet Union, German armies retreated with Russian forces in pursuit from the East), Failure of "soft underbelly" in Europe (helped them succeed in Italy and France invasions), Manhattan Project.
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What roles did minority group members play in the conduct of World War II?
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African Americans joined the military to escape depression and tenant farming in the South and Midwest. However, they were still facing discrimination and segregation. White and black soldiers were kept apart.
