A&P study guide heart and blood vessels – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
thickest layer of the heart wall and the layer that is responsible for muscle contraction is the
answer
myocardium
question
type of tissue that forms the heart muscle is called
answer
cardiac tissue
question
membranous covering of the heart is collectively called the ________this covering is formed of a loosely fitting double sac that is composed of an inner called_____ and an outer layer called _________
answer
pericardium; inner/parietal; outer/fibrous
question
inner layer of a heart muscle -lines chambers of the heart
answer
endocardium
question
thick layer of cardiac muscle -provides force for concentration of the heart
answer
myocardium
question
space in between the parietal and visceral pericardia is called the
answer
pericardio cavity
question
name the 2 atrioventricular valves
answer
tricuspid(right) and bicuspid (left)
question
2 semilunar valves
answer
pulmonary semilunar (right ) and aortic semilunar valve (left )
question
where are the atrioventricular valves located
answer
in between the atrium and ventricles
question
what is the function of the atrioventricular valves
answer
-allow blood to flow into the ventricles -prevents a back flow of blood into the atrium
question
where are the semilunar valves located
answer
between the ventricles and main arteries
question
what is the function of the semilunar valves
answer
allows blood to go into the main arteries -prevents back flow of blood into the ventricles
question
T/F the ONE WAY direction of the flow of blood is accomplished by heart valves which are located BOTH at the entrance and near the exit of the ventricles
answer
TRUE
question
T/F each atrioventricular valve allows blood to flow from the ATRIUM into the VENTRICLE but will prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
answer
TRUE
question
the _________ valve "prevents the backflow of blood from the "right" ventricle into the "right" atrium
answer
tricuspid
question
the ___________ valve allows blood going into the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle and into the pulmonary trunk, and at the same, it will prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle
answer
pulmonary semilunar
question
the __________ valve allows blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into the aeorta and at the same time it will also prevent backflow of blood into the left ventricle
answer
aortic semilunar
question
what are the string like structures that attach or anchor the atrioventricular valves to the wall of the heart and prevent the valve cusp from being forced into the atria during contraction
answer
cordae tendanae
question
the _____ are 2 upper or receiving chambers of the heart
answer
atria
question
the_______ are 2 lower or discharging chambers of the heart
answer
ventricles
question
arteries carry ________blood from the heart TO capillaries in body tissues
answer
OXYGENATED
question
veins carry ________ blood to the heart from capillaries in body tissues
answer
deoxygenated
question
T/F it is contraction of the ventricles of the heart that push or discharge blood out to the body
answer
TRUE
question
contraction of the heart is called _______; relaxation of the heart is called _______
answer
systole; diastole
question
force of blood going through the body during both relaxation and concentration
answer
blood pressure
question
special area in the thoraxic cavity -lung and heart (protecting)
answer
mediastinum and location
question
what is the cardiac cycle
answer
one complete heart beat
question
during atrial from the atria via the open av valves into the ventricles; when the ventricles are full of blood causes increase in blood pressure w/in the ventricles causing them to contract or ventricular systole which forces the av valves to close and the s_______valves to open allowing blood to be ejected into the aorta out to the body and into the pulmonary artery to the lungs
answer
semilunar
question
the right atrium receives DEOXYGENATED blood from all parts of the body from 2 largest veins of the body which are the
answer
superior vena cava and inferior
question
the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into what structure
answer
pulmonary trunk
question
what structure branches or divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries
answer
pulmonary trunk
question
newly oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via what structure
answer
pulmonary veins
question
the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood into the ______atrium of the heart where blood will travel onto the _______ventricles of the heart
answer
left; left
question
blood that travels from the left atrium into the left ventricle of the heart travels via what valve
answer
bicuspid valve
question
blood from the left ventricle will pumped directly into the AORTA via the ____________ valve and will be carried to all parts of the body with the exception of the LUNGS
answer
the Aortic semilunar
question
heart is a double pump with 2 basic pathways or circuits of blood flow
answer
-systemic ouput-entire body as whole (not including lungs) -pulmonary output_ lungs only
question
what blood vessels supply blood directly to the heart muscle
answer
coronary arteries (blood vessels)
question
T/F blood pressure is highest in the arteries and lowest in the veins
answer
TRUE
question
what is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
answer
pulse pressure
question
what is the warning sign that the coronary arteries are no longer able to supply enough blood and oxygen to the heart muscle
answer
angina pectoris
question
the first heart sound or the "lub" sound is a result of the abrupt closure of the _______valves as the ventricles contract
answer
AV valves
question
the conduction system of the heart consist of four parts in the correct sequence name and describe
answer
-(SA)sinoatrial node-initiate each heart beat (pacemaker) -AV node- Delays the signal momentarily(receive signal) -AV bundle- carries impulse into the ventricles -branches out (group of fibers) -purkinjie fibers-ventricle contraction
question
the key of the conduction system: the "pacemaker" or the "power station of the heart" is the
answer
Sinoatrial node (sa)
question
what is the function of the cardiac center and location
answer
increase or decrease the rate and strength of the heart beat -in the mendulla oblongata
question
what are the 3 basic types of blood vessels,
answer
arteries-comes away from the heart capillaries- exchange vein-carries to the heart
question
be able to describe the structural difference between veins and arteries
answer
areteries-thicker and muscular veins-thinner and have valves
question
correct sequence of blood flow through blood vessels is
answer
arteries-artrials-capillaries-venuals-veins
question
what are the precapillary sphincters and functions
answer
Guard and control the flow of blood within the capillaries to cause intermittent .blood flow
question
considering the flow of blood...systemic blood flow would be fastest in the _______ and it would be slowest in the _______
answer
aorta; capillaries
question
as blood moves further and further away from the heart and branches into smaller and smaller blood vessels there is very little blood pressure remaining to return it to the heart, therfore describe the 3 forces that work or assist the blood flow or venous blood back to heart
answer
skeleton muscle contraction respiratory movement gravity
question
the systolic blood pressure is the pressure that is being exerted against the blood vessels while the ventricles _______
answer
contract
question
blood pressure is the volume or force of blood as it pushes against the wall of an artery.4 factors create this pressure
answer
cardiac output blood volume peripheral resistance blood viscosity
question
heart is a double pump. serves 2 distinct pathways
answer
systemic circuit pulmonary circuit
question
what is hepatic portal circulation
answer
blood flow through the liver
question
the portion or circuit of the circulatory system carrying oxygenated blood to body tissues and returning deoxygenated blood to the heart is the
answer
systemic
question
pulmonary circuit carries blood to the
answer
lungs
question
3 portions of the aorta
answer
-ascending aorta -aortic arch -descending aorta
question
first arteries that branch from the ascending aorta are the
answer
coronary arteries
question
abdominal aorta eventually divides to form the right an left ________ which supply blood to the lower portion of the trunk and legs. these arteries again branch and form the INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES
answer
common iliac artery
question
the veins carrying oxygenated blood to the heart is
answer
pulmonary veins
question
2 largest veins that empty deoxygenated blood in the right atrium of the heart are the
answer
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
question
abnormal heart beat
answer
arrhythmia
question
heart rate below 60 or less
answer
bradycardia
question
heart rate above or greater than 100
answer
tachycardia
question
HR of 200-300 beats per min
answer
heart flutter
question
uncoordinated heart rhythm
answer
fibrillation
question
inability of the hearts to pump out the blood
answer
congestive heart failure (chf)
question
unusual heart sound
answer
heart murmurs
question
death of cardia muscle
answer
myocardial infarction (mi)
question
inflammation of the pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection
answer
pericarditis
question
weakened vessel wall bulges, forming balloon like sac filled
answer
aneurysm
question
formation of fatty deposits in the tunica media
answer
atherosclerosis
question
hardening of the arteries from calcium
answer
arteriosclerosis
question
chronic high blood pressure
answer
hypertension
question
inflammation of a vein
answer
phlebitis
question
dilated or swollen vein from a malfunctioning valves
answer
varicose veins
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New