A&P study guide heart and blood vessels – Flashcards
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thickest layer of the heart wall and the layer that is responsible for muscle contraction is the
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myocardium
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type of tissue that forms the heart muscle is called
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cardiac tissue
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membranous covering of the heart is collectively called the ________this covering is formed of a loosely fitting double sac that is composed of an inner called_____ and an outer layer called _________
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pericardium; inner/parietal; outer/fibrous
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inner layer of a heart muscle -lines chambers of the heart
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endocardium
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thick layer of cardiac muscle -provides force for concentration of the heart
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myocardium
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space in between the parietal and visceral pericardia is called the
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pericardio cavity
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name the 2 atrioventricular valves
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tricuspid(right) and bicuspid (left)
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2 semilunar valves
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pulmonary semilunar (right ) and aortic semilunar valve (left )
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where are the atrioventricular valves located
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in between the atrium and ventricles
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what is the function of the atrioventricular valves
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-allow blood to flow into the ventricles -prevents a back flow of blood into the atrium
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where are the semilunar valves located
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between the ventricles and main arteries
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what is the function of the semilunar valves
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allows blood to go into the main arteries -prevents back flow of blood into the ventricles
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T/F the ONE WAY direction of the flow of blood is accomplished by heart valves which are located BOTH at the entrance and near the exit of the ventricles
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TRUE
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T/F each atrioventricular valve allows blood to flow from the ATRIUM into the VENTRICLE but will prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
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TRUE
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the _________ valve "prevents the backflow of blood from the "right" ventricle into the "right" atrium
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tricuspid
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the ___________ valve allows blood going into the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle and into the pulmonary trunk, and at the same, it will prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle
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pulmonary semilunar
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the __________ valve allows blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into the aeorta and at the same time it will also prevent backflow of blood into the left ventricle
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aortic semilunar
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what are the string like structures that attach or anchor the atrioventricular valves to the wall of the heart and prevent the valve cusp from being forced into the atria during contraction
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cordae tendanae
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the _____ are 2 upper or receiving chambers of the heart
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atria
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the_______ are 2 lower or discharging chambers of the heart
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ventricles
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arteries carry ________blood from the heart TO capillaries in body tissues
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OXYGENATED
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veins carry ________ blood to the heart from capillaries in body tissues
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deoxygenated
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T/F it is contraction of the ventricles of the heart that push or discharge blood out to the body
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TRUE
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contraction of the heart is called _______; relaxation of the heart is called _______
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systole; diastole
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force of blood going through the body during both relaxation and concentration
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blood pressure
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special area in the thoraxic cavity -lung and heart (protecting)
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mediastinum and location
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what is the cardiac cycle
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one complete heart beat
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during atrial from the atria via the open av valves into the ventricles; when the ventricles are full of blood causes increase in blood pressure w/in the ventricles causing them to contract or ventricular systole which forces the av valves to close and the s_______valves to open allowing blood to be ejected into the aorta out to the body and into the pulmonary artery to the lungs
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semilunar
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the right atrium receives DEOXYGENATED blood from all parts of the body from 2 largest veins of the body which are the
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superior vena cava and inferior
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the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into what structure
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pulmonary trunk
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what structure branches or divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries
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pulmonary trunk
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newly oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via what structure
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pulmonary veins
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the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood into the ______atrium of the heart where blood will travel onto the _______ventricles of the heart
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left; left
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blood that travels from the left atrium into the left ventricle of the heart travels via what valve
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bicuspid valve
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blood from the left ventricle will pumped directly into the AORTA via the ____________ valve and will be carried to all parts of the body with the exception of the LUNGS
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the Aortic semilunar
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heart is a double pump with 2 basic pathways or circuits of blood flow
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-systemic ouput-entire body as whole (not including lungs) -pulmonary output_ lungs only
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what blood vessels supply blood directly to the heart muscle
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coronary arteries (blood vessels)
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T/F blood pressure is highest in the arteries and lowest in the veins
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TRUE
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what is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
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pulse pressure
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what is the warning sign that the coronary arteries are no longer able to supply enough blood and oxygen to the heart muscle
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angina pectoris
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the first heart sound or the "lub" sound is a result of the abrupt closure of the _______valves as the ventricles contract
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AV valves
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the conduction system of the heart consist of four parts in the correct sequence name and describe
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-(SA)sinoatrial node-initiate each heart beat (pacemaker) -AV node- Delays the signal momentarily(receive signal) -AV bundle- carries impulse into the ventricles -branches out (group of fibers) -purkinjie fibers-ventricle contraction
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the key of the conduction system: the "pacemaker" or the "power station of the heart" is the
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Sinoatrial node (sa)
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what is the function of the cardiac center and location
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increase or decrease the rate and strength of the heart beat -in the mendulla oblongata
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what are the 3 basic types of blood vessels,
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arteries-comes away from the heart capillaries- exchange vein-carries to the heart
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be able to describe the structural difference between veins and arteries
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areteries-thicker and muscular veins-thinner and have valves
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correct sequence of blood flow through blood vessels is
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arteries-artrials-capillaries-venuals-veins
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what are the precapillary sphincters and functions
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Guard and control the flow of blood within the capillaries to cause intermittent .blood flow
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considering the flow of blood...systemic blood flow would be fastest in the _______ and it would be slowest in the _______
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aorta; capillaries
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as blood moves further and further away from the heart and branches into smaller and smaller blood vessels there is very little blood pressure remaining to return it to the heart, therfore describe the 3 forces that work or assist the blood flow or venous blood back to heart
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skeleton muscle contraction respiratory movement gravity
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the systolic blood pressure is the pressure that is being exerted against the blood vessels while the ventricles _______
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contract
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blood pressure is the volume or force of blood as it pushes against the wall of an artery.4 factors create this pressure
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cardiac output blood volume peripheral resistance blood viscosity
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heart is a double pump. serves 2 distinct pathways
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systemic circuit pulmonary circuit
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what is hepatic portal circulation
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blood flow through the liver
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the portion or circuit of the circulatory system carrying oxygenated blood to body tissues and returning deoxygenated blood to the heart is the
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systemic
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pulmonary circuit carries blood to the
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lungs
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3 portions of the aorta
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-ascending aorta -aortic arch -descending aorta
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first arteries that branch from the ascending aorta are the
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coronary arteries
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abdominal aorta eventually divides to form the right an left ________ which supply blood to the lower portion of the trunk and legs. these arteries again branch and form the INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES
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common iliac artery
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the veins carrying oxygenated blood to the heart is
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pulmonary veins
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2 largest veins that empty deoxygenated blood in the right atrium of the heart are the
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superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
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abnormal heart beat
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arrhythmia
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heart rate below 60 or less
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bradycardia
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heart rate above or greater than 100
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tachycardia
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HR of 200-300 beats per min
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heart flutter
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uncoordinated heart rhythm
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fibrillation
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inability of the hearts to pump out the blood
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congestive heart failure (chf)
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unusual heart sound
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heart murmurs
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death of cardia muscle
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myocardial infarction (mi)
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inflammation of the pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection
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pericarditis
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weakened vessel wall bulges, forming balloon like sac filled
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aneurysm
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formation of fatty deposits in the tunica media
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atherosclerosis
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hardening of the arteries from calcium
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arteriosclerosis
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chronic high blood pressure
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hypertension
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inflammation of a vein
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phlebitis
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dilated or swollen vein from a malfunctioning valves
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varicose veins
