AP psych therapy and psychological disorders – Flashcards
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psychological disorder
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deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns
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ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)
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a psychological disorder including 3 key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
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medical model
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the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured (through therapy in a psychiatric hospital)
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bio psycho social perspective
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theory that psychological disorders are influenced by 3 perspectives, involving genetics, culture, and memories
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DSM-IV
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American psychiatric association's system for classifying psychological disorders
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neurosis
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psychosis
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anxiety disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors reducing anxiety
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generalized anxiety disorder
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an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal (6 months or more of persistent anxiety and worry)
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panic disorder
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an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking and other frightening sensations
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panic attack
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a minute long episode of intense fear a person with a panic disorder has
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phobia
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an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation
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OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder)
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an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, and actions. The only way to reduce the anxiety is to complete action or thought brain tells a person to do
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post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD)
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an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and or insomnia that triggers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
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dissociative disorders
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a psychological disorder in which a person appears to experience a sudden loss of memory or change in identity
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dissociative identity disorder (DID)
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a dissociative disorder in which a person is said to have two or more distinct identites that alternatly control the person's behavior, with memory impairment across the different personality states. also called multiple personality disorder
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dissociative amnesia
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condition wehre a person cannot remember thing but no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be found
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dissociative fugue
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a dissociative disorder where a person experiences psychogenic amnesia and finds themselves in an unfamiliar environment not knowing how they got there
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mood disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. examples are depression, bipolar
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major depressive disorder
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a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absense of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in once enjoyable activities.
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manic episode
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a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
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bipolar disorder
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a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the holplessness and lethragy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
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dysthymic disorder
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a milder form of depression
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cyclothymic disorder
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a milder form of bipolar disorder
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seasonal affective disorder
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when a person doesn't recieve enough sunlight (wintertime blah)
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schizophrenia
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a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed percetions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
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delusions
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false beliefs, often of persecution or graeur that may accompany psychotic disorders
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flat affect
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a form of schizophrenia in which a person is in a zombielike state of apparent apathy
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paranoid schizophrenia
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a subtype of schizophrenia where a person has preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity
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disorganized schizophrenia
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a type of schizophrenia where a person has disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion
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catatonic schizophrenia
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a type of schizophrenia in which a person has immobility or excessive purposeless movement, extreme negativism, or parrot-like repeating of another's speech or movements
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undifferentiated schizophrenia
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many or varied symptoms of schizophrenia. basically does not have one set subtype
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residual schizophrenia
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a type of schizophrenia in which a person has withdrawal after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared
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dopamine hypothesis
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states that high levels of dopamine seem to be associated with schizophrenia
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personality disorders
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psychological disoders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
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antisocial personality disorder
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personality disorder formerly called a sociopath or psychopath, a typically male person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family. may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
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histronic personality disorder
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a type of personality disorder where a person suffers from extremely over dramatic behavior
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narcissitic personality disorder
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a personality disorder in which person sees themself as the center of the universe
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schizoid personality disorder
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a personality disorder in which a person constantly feels persecuted
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borderline personality disorder
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somatoform disorders
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occurs when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom. experiences a physical problem in the absence of any physical cause
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psychotherapy
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an emotionally charged confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
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biomedical therapy
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prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system
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eclectic approach
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an approach to psychotherapy that blends different methods, integration of the forms of therapy
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psychoanalysis
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Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free association, resistances, dreams, and transferences, and therapist's interpretations of them, released previously repressed feelings allowing the patient to gain self insight
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resistance
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in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
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interpretations
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in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events
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transference
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in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst's emotions linked with other relationships, such as love or hatred
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psychodynamic therapy
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type of therapy that tries to understand a patient's current symptoms by focusing on themes across important relationships, including childhood experiences.
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interpersonal psychotherapy
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a brief variation of psychodynamic therapy, effective in treating depression. It aims to help people gain insight into the roots of their difficulties, but the goal is symptom relief in the now, not overall personality change. focuses on the current
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client centered therapy
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a humanistic therapy, developed by carl rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine accepting and empathetic environment to facilitate clients growth
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active listening
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empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies, a feature of rogers' client centered therapy "and how do you feel about this"
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behavior therapy
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therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
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counterconditioning
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a behavior therapy procedure that pairs the trigger stimulus with a new response that is incompatible with fear.
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exposure therapies
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behavioral techniques that treat anxiety by exposing people to the things they fear or avoid
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systematic desensitization
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a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli.
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progressive relaxation
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a therapist trains a person to relax one muscle group after another until you achieve a drowsy state of complete relaxation and comfort.
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virtual reality exposure therapy
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an anxiety treatment that puts a person in a unit that projects a three dimensional virtual world where a person is faced with the anxiety causing fear
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aversive conditioning
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a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior. example, for alcoholism, put drug in drink that causes nausea, condition the drink with no drug to cause nausea
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token economy
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an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a reward of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the token for various privileges or treats. example sticker chart with prize for potty training
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cognitive therapy
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therapy that teaches people new more adaptive ways of thinking and actin, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
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cognitive-behavior therapy
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a popular integrated therapy that combines changing self defeating thinking with changing behavior
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family therapy
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therapy that treats the family as a system. views an individuals unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members attempts to guide family members toward positive relations and improved communication
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meta- analysis
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a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
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regression toward the mean
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the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back toward their average
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EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
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while a person is having anxious thoughts, if the eyes spontaneously dart about, the anxiety is reduced
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light exposure therapy
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to counteract winter depression people spend time each morning in front of a box that emits intense light that mimics natural outdoor light
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psychopharmacology
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the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
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antipsychotic drugs
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a drug such as thorazine that block dopamine. an aganist
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antianxiety drugs
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a drug such as Xanax that depresses the central nervous system
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tardive dyskinesia
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involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue and limbs, a possible neurotoxic side effect of long term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors
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antidepressant drugs
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a drug that lifts people up from a state of depression by increasing level of serotonin and other mood elevating hormones
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SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
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a drug such as prozac that partially blocks the reuptake of serotonin
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
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rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation)
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the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
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psychosurgery
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surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
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lobotomy
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a now rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain
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rational emotive therapy
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developed by Albert Ellis. therapist looks to expose and confront the dysfunctional thoughts of their client. activating event>believe>consequence
