question

Psychologists ___ agree on a definition of intelligence

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Do not

question

To regard an abstract concept as a concrete entity is to commit the error known as ___. By doing this, we are viewing inteligence as something a person has, rather than a score obtained on an ___

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Reification Inteligence test

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Intelligence is a ___ constructed concept.

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Socially

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In any context, intelligence can be defined as...

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The ability to learn from experience, solve problems,anduse knowledge.

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One controversy regarding the nature of intelligence centers on whether inteligence is one ___ ability or several ___ abilities.

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General Specific

question

The statistical procedure used to identify groups of items that appear to measure a common ability is called ___.

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Factor analysis

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Charles Spearman, one of the developers of this technique, believed that a factor called "g", or ___, runs through the more specific aspects of intelligence.

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General intelligence

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Oppsong Spearman, ___ identified seven clusters of ___.

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Thurstone Primary mental abilities

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One psychologist believes that general intelligence evolved as a means of helping people solve ___.

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Novel problems

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People with ___ score at the low end of intelligence tests but possess extarordinary specific skills.

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Savant syndrome

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Howard Gardner proposes that there are ___, each independent of the others. However, critics point out that the world is not so just: General intelligence scores ___ predict performance on various complex tasks and in various jobs.

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Multiple intelligences Do

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Sternberg's ___ theory distinguishes three thoes of intelligence: ___ intelligence, ___ intelligence, and ___ intelligence.

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Triarchic Analytical Creative Practical

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A critical part of social intelligence is ___ —the ability to ___, ___, ___, and ___ emotions.

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Emotional intelligence Perceive Undrstand Manage Use

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More specifically, the four components of emotional intelligence are as follows: the ability to ___ emotions in faces, the ability to ___ them and how they change and blend, the ability to ___ them correctly in varied situations, and the ability to use them to wnable ___ or creative thinking.

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Recognize Predict Express Adaptive

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Earlier studies ___ reveal a clear cut correlation between head size (relative to body size) and intelligence score.

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Did not

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Newer studies that measure brain ___ using ___ scans reveal a ___ significant correlation between brain size (adjusted for body size) and intelligence score. The cause of this could be differing ___, nutrition, ___, or some combination of these.

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Volume MRI More Genes Environmental stimulation

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A study of Einstein's brain revealed that it was 15 percent larger in the lower ___ lobe—known to be an important neural center for processing ___ and ___ information

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Parietal Mathematical Spatial

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Postmortem analyses reveal that the brains of highly educated people have more ___ than do those of people with less education. Other evidence suggests that highly intelligent people differ in their neural ___. Higher intelligence scores have also been linked with more ___ in brain areas known to be involved in ___, ___, and ___.

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Synapses Plasticity Gray matter Me more Language Attention

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When people ponder intelligence test questions, for example, an area in the brain's ___ becomes especially active in the ___ brain for verbal questions and ___ for spatial questions. People who are able to more quickly retrieve information from memory tend to score high in ___ ability.

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Frontal lobe Left On both sides of the brain Verbal

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Studies looking at a range of tasks have found that people with high intelligence scores tend to take in perceptual information ___ than people with low intelligence.

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Faster

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Other studies have found that the brain waves of highly intelligent people register simple stimuli more ___ and with greater ___.

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Quickly Complexity

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Other studies have found that the brain waves of highly intelligent people register stimuli more ___ and with greater ___

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Quickly Complexity

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The early Greek philosopher ___ concluded that individuals differed in their natural endowments.

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Plato

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Although Francis Galton's search for a simple intelligence measure failed, he gave us some ___ techniques that we still use, as well as the terms ___ and ___

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Statistical Nature Nurture

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The French psychologist who devised a test to predict the success of children in school was ___. Predictions were made by comparing children's chronological ages with their ___ ages, which were determined by he test. This test ___ designed to measure inborn intelligence; Binet leaned toward an ___ explanation of intelligence.

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Binet Mental Was not Environmental

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Lewis Terman's revision of Binet's test is referred to as the ___. This test enables one to derive a(n) ___ for an individual.

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Stanford-Binet Intelligence quotient

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Today's tests compute ___ by comparing the individual's performance to the average performance of people of ___ age(s). These tests are designed so that a score of ___ is considered average.

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An intelligence test The same 100

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The misguided movement called ___ proposed measuring human traits and using the results to determine who should be allowed to reproduce.

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Eugenics

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When given intelligence tests in the early 1900s, immigrants arriving in the United States often scored ___ average. This is because the tests were based on a particular ___ background.

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Below Cultural

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Tests designed to measure what you have already learned are called ___ tests. Tests designed to predict your ability to learn something new are called ___ tests.

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Achievement Aptitude

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The most widely used intelligence test is the ___. Consisting of 11 subtests, it provides not only a general intelligence score but also separate scores for ___, ___, ___, and ___.

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WAIS Verbal comprehension Perceptual organization Working memory Processing speed

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One requirement of a good test is the process of defining meaningful scores relative to a pretested comparison group, called ___.

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Standardization

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When scores on a test are compiled, they generally result Ina bell-shaped pattern, or ___ distribution.

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Normal

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The Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler Scales ___ periodically restandardized, thereby keeping the average score near ___.

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Are 100

question

During the 1960s and 1970s, college entrance aptitude scores showed a steady ___. At the same time, intelligence test performance ___. This phenomenon is called the ___.

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Decline Improved Flynn Effect

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Although the actual cause of this effect is unknown, one explanation is that it is due to improved ___. The recent performance gains on the WAIS are greatest among people at the lowest ___ levels.

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Nutrition Economic

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If a test yields consistent results, it is said to be ___.

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Reliable

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When a test is administered more than once to the same people, the psychologist is determining it's ___ reliability.

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Test-retest

question

When a person's scores for the odd- and even-numbered questions on a test are compared, ___ reliability is being assessed.

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Split-half

question

The Stanford-Binet, WAIS, and WISC have reliabilities of about ___.

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+ .9

question

The degree to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to is referred to as the test's ___.

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Validity

question

The degree to which a test measures the behavior it was designed to measure is referred to as the test's ___.

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Content validity

question

The degree to which a test predicts future performance of a particular behavior, called the test's ___ , is referred to as the test's ___

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Criterion Predictive validity

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Generally speaking, the predictive validity of general aptitude tests ___ as high as their reliability. The predictive validity of these tests ___ as individuals move up the educational ladder.

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Is not Diminishes

question

Some studies have found that infants who quickly become bored when looking at a picture score ___ on tests of brain speed an intelligence tests before age ___ predict future aptitude only modestly.

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Higher 3

question

During childhood, the stability of intelligence scores ___ with age. After about age ___, intelligence scores stabilize. A longtime-term study of mental ability in Scottish children revealed that this ___through late childhood.

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Increases 7 Holds

question

Individuals whose intelligence scores fall below 70 and who have difficulty a dating to life may be labeled ___. This label applies to approximately ___ percent of the population.

answer

Intellectually disabled 1

question

Intellectual disability sometimes has a physical basis, such as ___, a genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome.

answer

Down syndrome

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