question

"A" and "ill" are example of

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morphemes

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A child's acquisition of grammar first becomes apparent at

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the two-word stage

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A cognitive understanding of memory, emphasizing how information is changed when it is encoded, stored, and retrieved is known as

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the information-processing model

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A dictionary definition would be an example of

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an artificial concept

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A guitarist used ______ to recall how to play the notes of a specific song.

answer

procedural memory

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A heuristic is best described as

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a rule of thumb

question

To solve a math problem where you find the area of a triangle, you use

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an algorithm

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A person who uses a drop of super glue to seal a paper cut on a finger has overcome the obstacle to effective problem solving related to

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functional fixedness

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An _________ is a step-by-step solution to a problem that is likely to be successful.

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algorithm

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Absent-mindedness in a college student would typically involve

answer

trying to study while watching television.

question

According to Freud, the only way to be free of repressed memories is to

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uncover them in therapy

question

After the outcome is known, people often have distorted thinking about their original expectations due to

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a hindsight bias

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All of the following are component of thought except

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stimuli

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An eidetic image will fade from memory if you

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describe it

question

As the information in this book passes from one stage of your memory to the next, the information becomes more

answer

meaningful

question

At a high school class reunion you are likely to experience a flood of memories that would be unlikely to come to mind under other circumstances. What memory process explains this?

answer

encoding specificity

question

Because of the limited capacity of _______ memory, it is unsafe to talk on a cell phone while driving on a freeway during rush hour.

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working

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Because _______ memories of events before age 3 are extremely rare, early memories of abuse are likely to be

answer

episodic, erreneous

question

Brad is home when all of his lights suddenly go out. His thought that "this is what happens when a circuit breaker is blow" would be considered as

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identifying the problem

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Children, regardless of where they are brought up, speak primarily about which of the following categories of ideas?

answer

locations, movable objects, and movers

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Chomsky believed that the language acquisition device was

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a combination of speech structures located in the brain

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Concepts cannot be directly observed by

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researchers

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During the memory process of ________, we select, and identify the correct format for the memory system.

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encoding

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Ebbinghaus found that when he returned to a list of words that he had previously memorized a few weeks before, it took him

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fewer trials time to remember the list again.

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Eidetic memory is most often found in

answer

children

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HM lost the ability to create new memories after his surgery and is suffering from

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anterograde amnesia

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Heuristic strategies show that our thinking is often based on

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experience rather than logic

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Highly emotional memories may cause posttraumatic stress disorder, recent research has found which brain structure to play a significant role in these emotional memories?

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amygdala

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If Ellie who is 2.5 years old says "Cookie me now" she is demonstrating

answer

telegraphic speech

question

If George is trying to remember info for a test and encoded the info correctly but cant remember it after two days there may be a problem with

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storage

question

If you learn info in one room and then have to take a test in a different room and your score isnt good, what could explain this

answer

encoding specificity

question

If you look at a certain area on the chalkboard where a certain concept was to help you remember the term, you are using

answer

a retrieval cue

question

If you witness a mugging and the polic ask did you see the scar, you might reply that you did see a scar even if there wasnt one. what explains this?

answer

misinformation effect

question

if you get a call to pick up your brother but then get a call from your friend and you forget about your brother, you would be experiencing

answer

bsent-mindedness

question

if your teacher asks you to provide a definition, you are answering what kind of question?

answer

recall

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In proactive interference, old memories act to

answer

block our ability to learn new information.

question

In studies completed regarding students' cognitive maps of the world, researchers found that

answer

the majority of students placed Europe at the center of the world

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Individuals who have amazingly developed skill despite their mental handicap are referred to as

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savants

question

Jenny is locked out of her car is cold and upset. she forgets she has stuff in her purse to help her break into her car. she is demonstrating

answer

functional fixedness

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Knowing how to check out a book at the library is an example of

answer

a script

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Long-term potentiation suggest that

answer

millions of neurons can be involved in storing a single memory.

question

Many Alzheimers patients have a memory that initially gives up newer thoughts and memories. In many ways this resembles

answer

anterograde amnesia

question

many individuals can remember an entire sentence that is read to them, even though is exceeds the amount of information we can generally hold in working memory. they do this by

answer

using the phonological loop

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Many psychologists view creativity as a form of

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divergent thinking

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Modern cognitive research suggests that memory for emotionally arousing events

answer

is remembered vividly

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New information is related to older memory information during the memory process of

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elaboration

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Noam Chomsky believed that language was

answer

attributable primarily to nature

question

Noam Chomsky has presented evidence supporting his theory that

answer

children are born with some rules of grammar programmed into their brains

question

Once children understand that there are rules regarding language, they have

answer

reached the two word stage

question

One of the reasons that people use algorithms is that they

answer

will always work if used properly

question

Place the stages of language development in correct order.

answer

babbling,one word, two word, telegraphic

question

Remembering an explanation about neural networks is likely held in your

answer

semantic memory

question

Results from PET scan studies suggest that

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thought occurs in widely distributed areas of the brain, and that a range of highly specialized modules deals with different kinds of thought.

question

Retrograde amnesia involves _____ and is maybe induced by __________.

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the loss of prior memory traces, head trauma

question

Sally said, "I goed to the store." She is demonstrating an example of

answer

overregularization

question

Sperling's study involving recall of an array of 12 letters suggested that the actual capacity of sensory memory is

answer

12 or more items

question

The naming explosion begins at about age

answer

18 months

question

The ability of the hippocampus to transfer intermediate memories into long-term memory is known as

answer

consolidation

question

The awareness of what your friend wore to school last April 21st must first pass through _________ memory.

answer

sensory

question

The best strategy by which to transfer information from working memory to long-term memory is to engage in

answer

elaborative rehearsal

question

the capacity of working memory is about _____ items.

answer

seven

question

The concept proposed by Noam Chomsky that suggests that all individuals are born with an innate ability to learn language relies on

answer

the language acquisition device

question

The memory failure caused by transience is adaptive in that it

answer

prevents memory from becoming overwhelmed

question

The memory process of elaboration resembles the Piagetian concept of

answer

assimilation

question

The most representative example of a category is called a

answer

prototype

question

The physical trace associated with long-term memory are known as

answer

engram

question

The sensory register for vision is called _____ memory, whereas the sensory register for hearing is called ______ memory.

answer

echoic

question

The storage capacity of working memory

answer

is smaller than both sensory and long-term memory

question

The three memory stages, in order of processing, are

answer

sensory, working, and long term

question

The TOT phenomenon is explained as due to a poor match between

answer

retrieval cues and encoding in LTM

question

The typical vocabulary of a six-year-old is

answer

10,000 words

question

The __________________ theory claims that establishing more connections with long-term memories makes information more meaningful and memorable and thus easier to recall.

answer

levels-of-processing

question

To answer this multiple choice question, you muse use

answer

recognition

question

Were sensory memories to last longer than normal,

answer

old information would interfere with incoming information

question

When you create in your mind a "typical day at school," you are experiencing

answer

concept formation

question

When you get a new cat, you will note its unique markings so you can compare it to other cats in the neighborhood. what would a cognitive psychologist call this process of identifying the distinctive features of your cat?

answer

encoding

question

When you learn the tango, you forget the mambo that you learned last year. This is an example of

answer

retroactive interference

question

What kind of forgetting is involved when the sociology I studied yesterday makes it more difficult to learn and remember the psychology I am studying today?

answer

proactive interference

question

Which of the following brain areas is primarily concerned with speech production?

answer

Broca's area

question

Which of the following is NOT one of Daniel Schater's "seven sins" of memory?

answer

encoding failure

question

Which of the following is true of creativity?

answer

creativity first involves becoming an expert in a specific field

question

Which of the "sins" of memory probably helps us to avoid dangerous situations we have encountered before?

answer

persistence

question

Which one of the seven "sins" of memory is disputed by those who believe that memories of childhood abuse can, in many cases, be recovered during adulthood?

answer

suggestibility

question

Which part of long-term memory stores autobiographical information?

answer

episodic memory

question

Working memory involves activity in circuits located within the ____________ of the brain.

answer

frontal cortex

question

You try to remember lines by linking each portion of the script to different places in your home. this memory technique is

answer

method of loci

question

_______ are clusters of knowledge that provide general conceptual frameworks regarding certain topics, events, and situations.

answer

schemas

question

______________________ are unique brain wave patterns that are associated with particular stimuli.

answer

event-related potentials

question

_________ memory is primarily what contributes to our sense of self.

answer

long-term memory

question

_______ ______ was the first to hypothesize that people form cognitive maps of their environment to help guide their actions toward certain goals.

answer

Edward Tolman

question

true or false: brain imaging studies indicate that the frontal cortex is activated during a working memory task.

answer

true

question

true or false: children begin to understand rules of grammar at about two years of age.

answer

true

question

true or false: event schemas are also called scripts

answer

true

question

true or false: our concepts of items need to be tangible.

answer

false

question

Patient HM suffered from retrograde amnesia.

answer

false

question

true or false: procedural and declarative memories are the two major forms of long-term memory.

answer

true

question

true or false: those with damaged parietal lobes may experience problems with "common sense"

answer

false

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