A&P Muscle Test Study Guide – Flashcards
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Frontalis
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Draws back scalp, wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows
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Mentalis
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Elevates and protrudes lower lip; used in pouting
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Orbicularis oculi
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Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting
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Orbicularis oris
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Closes and protrudes lips; used in whistling and forming many letters during speech; the "kissing muscle"
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Contraction of one side: laterally flexes neck, rotates head to opposite side; Contraction of both sides together: flexes neck
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Temporalis
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Elevates and retracts mandible; assists in side to side movement of mandible
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Trapezius
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Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm
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Zygomaticus
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Draws angles of the mouth upward and outward; major muscle used in smiling and laughing
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Buccinator
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Draws angles of the mouth laterally; compresses cheek; used to create sucking action
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Masseter
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Elevates mandible when chewing and slightly protracts it
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Occipitalis
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Draws back scalp, wrinkles forehead
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Splenius capitis
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Extends and hyperextends the head; Contraction of only one side laterally flexes and rotates the head and neck
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Temporalis
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Elevates and retracts mandible; assists in side to side movement of mandible
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Trapezius
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Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm
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Frontalis
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Draws back scalp, wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows
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Masseter
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Elevates mandible when chewing and slightly protracts it
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Orbicularis oculi
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Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting
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Orbicularis oris
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Closes and protrudes lips; used in whistling and forming many letters during speech; the "kissing muscle"
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Zygomaticus
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Draws angles of the mouth upward and outward; major muscle used in smiling and laughing
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Platysma
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Draws down the lower lip and angles of the mouth; tenses skin of the neck; helps depress mandible
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Contraction of one side: laterally flexes neck, rotates head to opposite side; Contraction of both sides together: flexes neck
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tibialis anterior
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dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
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gastrocnemius
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plantar flexes foot and flexes knee
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soleus
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plantar flexes knee
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fibularis longus
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plantar flexion and evert the foot
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calcaneal tendon
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connects heel bone to muscles at back of calf
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Rectus Femoris
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flexors of thigh and hip
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Vastus Medialis
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knee extension; correct tracking of patella
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Vastus Lateralis
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extends the leg as knee
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Sartorius
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assists in flexing, abduction and lateral rotation of hip and flexion of knee
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Gracilis
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adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip and aids flexion of knee
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Adductor Longus
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adduct and medially rotate the thigh
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Gluteus Maximus
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cause body to regain the erect position after stooping by drawing pelvis backward
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Gluteus Medius
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abduct thigh
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Tensor Fasciae Latae
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stabilize hip in extension; walking
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Biceps Femoris
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involved in hip extension
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Semitendinosus
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helps extend hip and flex knee
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Semimembranosus
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helps extend hip and flex knee
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Latissimus dorsi
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#63 extends and adducts humerus
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Deltoid
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#50 prime movers of arm abduction
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Pectoralis minor
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#52 abduction and depression of the shoulder
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Pectoralis major
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#51 adducts and flexes humerus
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Teres major
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The muscle running the same direction as #69
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Serratus anterior
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#54 weak thigh flexor
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Teres minor
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#69 turns humerus medially, adducts humerus,
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Trapezius
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#34 raises, retracts, and rotates the scapula
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Extensor Carpi radialis Longus
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Extends and Abducts Hand at Wrist Joint
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Brachioradialis
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Flexes Forearm
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Biceps Brachii
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Supinates Forearm
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Triceps Brachii
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Extends the Forearm
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Deltoid
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Abducts Arm (from acromia (middle) part)
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
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Flexes the Hand and Assists in Abducting it
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Extensor Digitorum
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Extends Medial Four Digits at Metacarpophalangeal Joints; Extends Hand at Wrist Joint
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
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Extend and Abduct Hand at Wrist Joint
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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Extends and Adducts Hand at Wrist Joint
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
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Flexes and Adducts Wrist
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Brachialis
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Flexes Forearm in All Positions
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Skeletal Muscle
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attached to bones or, for some facial muscles, to skin
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Skeletal Muscle
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multinucleated
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Skeletal Muscle
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striated
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Skeletal Muscle
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voluntary contraction
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Skeletal Muscle
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speed of contraction: slow to fast
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Smooth Muscle
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spindle-shaped
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Smooth Muscle
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uninucleated
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Smooth Muscle
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no striations
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Skeletal Muscle
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made of myofilaments - mostly for shape
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Smooth Muscle
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located in hollow internal organs (visceral)
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Smooth Muscle
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involuntary
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Cardiac Muscle
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irregular shape
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Cardiac Muscle
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uninucleated
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Cardiac Muscle
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involuntary Muscle
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Cardiac Muscle
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branched for communication
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Cardiac Muscle
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intercalated discs - allow communication between cells
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Cardiac Muscle
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striated
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Cardiac Muscle
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walls of the heart
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Deltoid
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Typical site for injection
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What muscle prevents falling backwards when standing?
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Illiopsoas
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Paired muscle that when acting together extends lumbar support
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Quadratus Lumboram
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Controls bending at the waist
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Erector Spinae
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2 large flat muscles; important in a power-stroke rowing motion
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Superficial, diamond-shaped
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Trapezius
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deepest abdominal muscle
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Transverse Abdominals
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paired; deep muscle that works with external obliques
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Internal Oblique
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Superfical; compresses during childbirth
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Rectus abdominals
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Resemble plywood
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Ab Girdle Muscle
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depresses ribcage during exhalation
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Internal Intercostal
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Raises ribcage during inhalation
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External Intercostal
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Adducts and flexes arm
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Pectoralis Major
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Gastrocnemius
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What muscle is considered the "toe-dancers" muscle?
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Gluteus Maximus
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What lower limb muscle functions to bring the thigh in line with the pelvis?
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Fibularis Muscles
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What muscle group plantar flexes and everts the foot?
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Quads
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Which muscles are used when kicking a ball?
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Hamstring Group
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What muscle group is the biceps femoris part of?
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motor end plate
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What portion of the sarcolemma is in contact with the axon terminal?
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release synaptic vesicles from the axon terminal
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At the neuromuscular junction, calcium ions act to _______
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diffusion across the synaptic cleft
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The first thing that occurs when the axon terminal releases Ach is _______
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exocytosis
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What is the transport process by which Ach is released into the synaptic cleft?
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tendons
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What attaches muscle to bone?
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-- maintain posture, stabilizing joints, generating heat
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What are the main functions of the muscular system?
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Muscular dystrophy
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muscular weakness and atrophy
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Fibromyalgia
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muscle pain
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Myasthenia Gravis
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neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
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Cerebral Palsy
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spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
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Myositis
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inflammation of the muscle
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Direct Phosphorylation
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The use of creating phosphate with ADP to create creatine and ATP. It is catalyzed by the enzyme kinase. Lasts 15 sec
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Anaerobic Resperation
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glycogen broken down into glucose ----> glucose releases ATP, becomes pyruvic acid -----> pyruvic acid becomes lactic acid
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Aerobic Resperation
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Resperation that occurs in the mitochondria, requires oxygen, and involves a sequence of chemical reaction in which the bonds of fuel molecules are broken and the energy released is used to make ATP. 32 ATP. Lasts Hours.
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Muscle Fatigue
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physical inability to contract the muscle even though it may still be receiving stimuli
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Oxygen Deficit
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All of the oxygen in the system has been used up, and it is required for aerobic respeeration
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Muscle Tone
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muscle shape. when muscles are in good shape flaccid: flabby atrophy: lose muscle mass, waste away
