Arab Spring: A Look at Human Activity Space
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activity space
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space where daily activity occurs
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agricultural revolution
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the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
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AIDS
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a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
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arable land
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land that can be farmed on
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arithmetic growth
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a pattern of growth that increases at a constant amount per unit time
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arithmetic population density
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the population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area
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awareness space
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knowledge of opportunity locations beyond normal activity space
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carrying capacity
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largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
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chain migration
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migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
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circulation
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short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis
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critical distance
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the distance beyond which cost, effort, and/or means play a determining role in the willingness of the people to travel
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crude birth rate
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the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
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crude death rate
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the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
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demographic momentum
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the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution; important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model
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demographic transition theory
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theory based upon the experience of first world countries which successively moved in stages from an initial period of low population growth rates because of high birth and death rates declined while birth rates remained high to a final period in which population growth rates can be interpreted as being in the middle stage of the demographic transition
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demography
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the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations
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density
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the amount per unit size
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dislocation
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condition of being out of place
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distance decay
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the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction; due to the increase in technology
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dot maps
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thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as crimes, car accidents, or births
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doubling rate
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the length of time required for a population to double in size
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emigration
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migration from a location
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endemic
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1) native to or confined to a certain region 2) a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location
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epidemiologic transition (mortality revolution)
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distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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ethnicity
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an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties
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exponential growth
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growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
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female infanticide
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the intentional killing of baby girls due to the preference for male babies and from the low value associated with the birth of females
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forced migration
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permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors; refugees
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geometric rate
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population increases exponentially
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gravity model
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a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
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immigration
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migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)
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industrial revolution
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the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850
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infant mortality
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the number of infant (under 1 year of age) deaths per 1,000 live births
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in-migration
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movement into another region or community
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internal migration
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human movement within a nation-state, such as going westward and southward movements in the US
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inter-regional migration
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permanent movement from one region of a country to another
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intervening obstacles
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any forces or factors that may limit human migration
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intervening opportunity
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the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away
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intraregional migration
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permanent movement within one region of a country
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life expectancy
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an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities
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linear growth
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expansion that increases by the same amount during each time interval
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migration
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the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
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migration selectivity
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only people exhibiting certain characteristics in a population choosing to migrate
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natural increase
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crude death rate subtracted from crude birthrate
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neo-Malthusians
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a belief that the world is characterized by scarcity and competition in which too many people fight for few resources; pessimists who warn of the global ecopolitical dangers of uncontrolled population growth
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net-migration rate
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difference between immigrants and emmigrants per 1,000 people
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one child policy
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act in China that allows people to have only 1 child in the city and 2 children in the countryside
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out-migration
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number of people moving out of a given region at a given time
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overpopulation
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the number of a people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
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pandemic
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an epidemic that is geographically widespread
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population concentrations
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the arrangement or spread of people in a given area
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population explosion
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the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase
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population geography
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a division of human geography concerned with spatial variations in distribution, composition, growth, and movements of population
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population pyramid
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a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
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pull factors
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a factor that draws or attracts people to another location
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push factors
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Factors that induce people to leave old residences.
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race
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a grouping of human beings with distinctive characteristics determined by genetic inheritance
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refugees
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people who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion
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restrictive population policies
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government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase
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space-time prism
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the set of all points that can be reached by an individual given a maximum possible speed from a starting point in space-time and an ending point in space-time
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spatial interaction
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the movement of people, goods and ideas within and across geographic space
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stationary population level
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the level at which a national population ceases to grow
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step migration
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migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city
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Thomas Malthus
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an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834)
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total fertility rate
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the number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life
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voluntary migration
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permanent movement undertaken by choice
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zero population growth
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a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
