AP Human Geography Vocabulary Chapter 5 – Flashcards

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Accent
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a way of pronouncing words that indicates the place of origin of social background of the speaker
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Anatolian Hypothesis
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proposes that the dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia
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Creole
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a person of mixed black or European descent, especially in the Caribbean
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Denglish
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a blend of German and English
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Dialect
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regional variation of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation
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Ebonics
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dialect spoken by some African-Americans
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Extinct Language
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language once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used
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Franglais
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a term used by French for English words that have entered the French language, a combination of Francais and Anglais
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Germanic Languages
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a branch of the Indo-European languages containing, English, German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Frisian, the Scandinavian languages, and Gothic
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Ideogram
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the system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather that a specific sound, as is the case with the letters in English
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Indo-European
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of or relating to the family of languages spoken over the greater part of Europe and Asia as far as northern India
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Isogloss
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boundary that separates regions in which different language uses predominate
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Nostratic Hypothesis
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a hypothesized family of languages ancestral to several of the established language families of Eurasia and northern Africa and including in some classifications as the Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, Kartvelian, Dravidain, and Afro-Asiatic languages
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Isolated Language
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language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any family
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Kurgan Hypothesis
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the Proto-Indo-European language diffused from modern day Ukraine through conquest
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Language
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system of communication through the use of speech, collection of sounds and understood by a group of people to have the same meaning
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Language Branch
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collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago, differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branch derived from the same family
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Language Family
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collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history
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Language Group
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a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in a relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary
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Lingua Franca
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a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
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Literary Tradition
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a language that is written as well as spoken
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Logogram
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a sign or character representing a word or phrase, such as those used in shorthand and some writing systems
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Monolingual
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speaking only one language
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Bilingual
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speaking two languages fluently
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Multi-linguality
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the use of more than two languages
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National Language
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a language that has some connection with people and the territory they occupy
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Nostratic
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a hypothetical phylum of languages of which the principal members are the Indo-European, Semitic, Altaic, and Dravidian families
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Official Language
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the language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents
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Orthography
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the conventional spelling system of a language
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Pidgin
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a form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages
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Polyglot
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knowing or using several languages
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Proto-Indo-European
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the unrecorded language from which all Indo-European languages are hypothesized to derive
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Received Pronunciation
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the standard form of British English pronunciation, based on educated speech in southern England
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Romance Languages
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group of related languages all derived from Vulgar Latin within historical times and forming a subgroup of the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family
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Slang
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a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people
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Slavic Languages
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a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, usually divided into the East Slavic, West Slavic, and South Slavic
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Spanglish
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combination of Spanish and English, spoken by Hispanic Americans
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Standard Language
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the form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications
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Subfamilies
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a subdivision of a group
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Syntax
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the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language
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Toponym
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a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature
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Trade Language
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a restructured language used especially in commercial communication
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Vernacular
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the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region
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Vocabulary
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the body of words used in a particular language
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Vulgar Latin
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informal Latin of classical times
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